论无害化处理机关事业单位电子办公垃圾

通过对现有机关事业单位办公垃圾分析,提出处理电子办公垃圾的方法及有效治理措施。     

Photodegradation of 2,4-D induced by NO2- in aqueous solutions：The role of NO2

To elucidate the effect of nitrite ion （NO2^-） on the photodegradation of organic pollutants, a 300 W mercury lamp and Pyrex tubes restricting the transmission of wavelengths below 290nm were used to simulate sunlight, and the photodegradation processes of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid （2,4-D） with different concentrations of NO2^- in freshwater and seawater were studied. The effect of reactive oxygen species （ROS） on the photolysis of 2,4-D was also demonstrated using electron paramagnetic resonance （EPR）. The results indicated that the 2,4-D photolysis reaction followed the first-order kinetics in freshwater and seawater under different concentrations of NO2^-. Meanwhile, the photochemical reaction rate of 2,4-D increased with increasing concentration of NO2^-. When the concentration of NO2^- was lower than 23 mg/L, the photodegradation rate of 2,4-D in seawater was higher than that in freshwater. However, when the concentration of NO2^- was reached 230 mg/L, 2,4-D degradation slowed down in seawater. It was important to note that EPR spectra showed NO2 radical was generated in the NO5 solution under simulated sunlight irradiation, indicating that 2,4-D photodegradation could be induced by NO2. These results show the key role of NO2^- in photochemistry and are helpful for better understanding of the phototransformation of environmental contaminants in natural aquatic systems.     

垃圾零填埋

<正>随着人类的发展,作为人类专属产物的垃圾也伴随着人类文明,不断地挑战着我们的生存环境,污浊着我们的家园。时至今日,人类早已警觉到了垃圾处理的必要和迫切。垃圾的分类投放、回收再利用、运用垃圾发电等等,人类正在想着法子将垃圾变废为宝,但是,至今还无法从根本上改变垃圾     

电子垃圾:不需开矿的金属——选自《蓝色经济》经典案例

<正>市场美国消费者每天抛弃的电脑超过11万台。每年电子垃圾数量已增加至45000万台。美国在过去十年报废的电子设备大约为30亿台。电子垃圾是城市固体垃圾中增长最快的类别,不幸的是,这些废物的回收平均不到10%。最终进填埋场或焚烧炉。2012年,全球电脑销售量达到     

Bioavailability and tissue distribution of Dechloranes in wild frogs (Rana limnocharis) from an e-waste recycling area in Southeast China

Dechlorane Plus(DP), a flame retardant used as an alternative to decabromodiphenylether, has been frequently detected in organisms, indicating its bioaccumulation and biomagnification potential in aquatic and terrestrial species. However, little data is available on the bioaccumulation of DP in amphibians. Dechlorane Plus and its analogs(DPs) were detected in the liver, muscle and brain tissues of wild frogs(Rana limnocharis), which were collected from an e-waste recycling site, Southeast China. DP, Mirex, Dec 602 and a dechlorinated compound of DP(anti-Cl11-DP) varied in the range of 2.01–291, 0.650–179, 0.260–12.4, and not detected(nd)–8.67 ng/g lipid weight, respectively. No difference of tissue distribution was found for syn-DP, Mirex and Dec 602 between the liver and muscle tissue(liver/muscle concentration ratio close to 1, p 0.05). However, higher retention was observed for anti-DP and anti-Cl11-DP in the frog muscle relative to the liver tissue(liver/muscle concentration ratio 1, p 0.05). Additionally, the blood-brain barrier was found to work efficiently to suppress these compounds entering brain tissues in this species(liver/brain concentration ratio 1, p 0.05), and the molecular weight was a key factor impacting the extent of the blood-brain barrier. Compared to levels in the muscle and brain tissue, a preferential enrichment of syn-DP was observed in the liver tissue, suggesting the occurrence of stereo-selective bioaccumulation in the wild frog.     

Effects of cathode potentials and nitrate concentrations on dissimilatory nitrate reductions by Pseudomonas alcaliphila in bioelectrochemical systems

The effects of cathode potentials and initial nitrate concentrations on nitrate reduction in bio- electrochemical systems （BESs） were reported. These factors could partition nitrate reduction between denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium （DNRA）. Pseudomonas alcaliphilastrain MBR utilized an electrode as the sole electron donor and nitrate as the sole electron acceptor. When the cathode potential was set from -0.3 to -I.1 V （vs. Ag/AgC1） at an initial nitrate concentration of 100 mg NO~-N/L, the DNRA electron recovery increased from （10.76 ± 1.6）% to （35.06 ± 0.99）%; the denitrification electron recovery decreased from （63.42 ± 1,32）% to （44.33 ± 1.92）%. When the initial nitrate concentration increased from （29.09 ± 0.24） to （490.97 ± 3.49） mg NO3-N/L at the same potential （-0.9 V）, denitrification electron recovery increased from （5.88 ± 1.08）% to （50.19 ±2.59）%; the DNRA electron recovery declined from （48.79 ±1.32）% to （16.02 ± 1.41）%. The prevalence of DNRA occurred at high ratios of electron donors to acceptors in the BESs and denitrification prevailed against DNRA under a lower ratio of electron donors to acceptors. These results had a potential application value of regulating the transformation of nitrate to N2 or ammonium in BESs for nitrate removal.     

螯合剂-大白菜修复电子垃圾拆解场地土壤中锌与磷酸酶活性的研究

采用盆栽培养试验研究了在螯合剂作用下,大白菜对电子垃圾拆解场地重金属污染土壤中锌(Zn)的修复,以及不同螯合剂对土壤中Zn形态和磷酸酶活性的影响。结果表明:随着螯合剂EDTA、草酸和EDDS浓度的增大,其对土壤中Zn的去除率大小表现为EDDSEDTA草酸;当螯合剂为EDDS且浓度为5mmol/kg时,土壤中Zn的去除率达到最大值66.97%,但由于EDDS浓度升高后会导致植物死亡,因此EDDS的最佳浓度应为3mmol/kg;当螯合剂为EDTA且浓度为3.11mmol/kg时,土壤中磷酸酶活性达到最大,是原始土壤的2.173倍;在草酸、EDTA和EDDS 3种螯合剂作用下,与原始土壤相比土壤中可交换态Zn的含量明显增大,其他形态Zn的含量均有不同程度的降低,而且螯合剂EDDS对土壤中Zn形态的影响较其他螯合剂显著。     

《地球与环境》征稿启事

正1刊物简介《地球与环境》原名为《地质地球化学》,创刊于1973年,由中国科学院地球化学研究所主办,面向国内外公开发行的季刊。经有关部门批准,《地质地球化学》从2004年起更名为《地球与环境》。《地球与环境》为一份综合性地学类核心学术刊物,主要面向广大科研院所、高等院校、环境监测管理等单位的环境地学方面的科研人员、教学师生,以及分析测试人员、科技管理人员等。所报道的学科包括环境     

中国电子垃圾回收企业的环保意识及行为的影响因素分析研究——以浙江为例

为了探索电子废弃物回收处理企业的环保意识及行为的影响因素,首先基于国内外研究学者的研究结果并结合中国电子废弃物回收处理企业的实践情况,提出一个假设结构框架。其次以浙江省为例,通过问卷调查法,将企业环保行为作为被解释变量,企业能力、管理者环境态度、消费者环境意识和企业经济效益作为解释变量,构建logistic回归模型,从而系统的揭示了企业进行环保处理的影响因素,研究结果表明:企业管理者环境态度对企业行为是否环保具有最重要的影响;企业经济效益对企业环保行为具有显著的正向作用;企业自身能力对企业环保行为具有一定程度的影响。最后,根据研究所得结果,提出了相应的促进企业进行环保处理的措施。     

中国电子电器废弃物回收利用环境影响与管理研究

随着电子技术的迅猛发展,电子电器产品使用寿命大幅缩短,废弃物产生量迅速增加。因为有较高的回收利用价值,作为电子电器产品生产大国,中国WEEE拆解业发达,但作坊式的回收利用产生的持久性有机污染物(POPs)和镉、铬、汞等重金属污染造成了严重的环境危机。发展清洁生产,建立符合中国国情的回收处理体系和收费方式,对符合资质的企业给予补贴,加强科研,加强技术推广,让每个消费者都参与环保事业,建立健全法律法规体系等,是中国电子电器废弃物回收利用的合理途径。