非平衡等离子体治理有机含磷气体的实验研究

采用脉冲电晕放电产生的等离子体对沙林毒剂的模拟剂甲基磷酸二甲酯进行消除研究.着重进行了脉冲峰压、脉冲频率、初始质量浓度、气体流量等对消除率的影响实验.结果发现,消除率随脉冲峰压和脉冲频率的增加而提高,随气体流量和初始质量浓度的增大而降低.同时发现产物中含有C02、H2O、丙酸、甲基磷酸甲酯和磷酸(或P2O5)等物质.     

气质联用法检测日用化学品中二甘醇

建立了气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)检测日化品中二甘醇含量的方法.样品先用海砂研磨,无水硫酸钠除水,再用甲醇超声提取20min,过滤后直接检测.采用外标法,选择离子定量.二甘醇在1.0～50.0mg/kg质量比范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 4.在5～20 mg/kg添加水平的平均回收率为95.2%～108.2%,相对标准偏差为2.2%～4.5%.实验表明,该方法适于日化品中二甘醇含量的检测.     

激光质谱法对机动车尾气中污染物的测量

本文详细介绍了一种全新的污染物测试方法———激光质谱法的原理和特点。我们应用这一方法对机动车尾气进行了初步探测 ,得到了 2 6 6nm激光作用下汽车尾气的激光电离质谱图 ,并对摩托车发动机运行状态与苯系列污染物排放量之间的关系进行了初步的在线测量     

新疆天业集团公司煤制乙炔获突破

新疆天业集团公司与俄罗斯研究院、中国科学院等离子研究所和复旦大学合作，共同研发的从煤炭中直接提取乙炔气体的“等离子体裂解煤制乙炔”技术项目取得突破性进展，研制成功的煤制乙炔实验装置，已从煤炭中清洁、高效地生产出已炔。     

顶空/气相色谱—质谱法测定固体废物中挥发性卤代烃的研究

建立了顶空,气相色谱-质谱法同时测定固体废物中35种挥发性卤代烃的方法,系统地研究了顶空条件对测定结果的影响,优化了色谱分离条件。结果表明,各挥发性卤代烃可以实现良好的分离;标准曲线相关系数均大于0．99,检出限为2-3μg/kg,不同浓度的相对标准偏差分别为5．3％～19％,1．8％-17％和4．2％-15％,样品加标回收率为70．8％-118％。该方法灵敏度高,具有良好的精密度和准确度,适用于固体废物中挥发性卤代烃的测定。     

不同好/厌氧区容积负荷对生物膜/颗粒污泥耦合工艺脱氮除磷的影响

采用自行设计的生物膜/颗粒污泥耦合反应器,研究不同好/厌氧区容积负荷对该工艺脱氮除磷的影响.试验过程中设置了3种不同的工况,每种工况的好氧区和厌氧区容积均不同,工况Ⅰ的是9.66 L和15.34 L,工况Ⅱ的分别为12.56 L和12.44 L,工况Ⅲ的是15.42 L和9.58 L.不同的好/厌氧区容积对应不同的容积负荷.结果表明,工况Ⅰ的氨氮与磷酸盐去除效果稍差,工况Ⅲ出水硝态氮较高,造成总氮去除率较低.工况Ⅱ是最佳运行条件,系统的氨氮去除率为80.63%,氮容积去除负荷为150.27 g·(m3·d)-1,COD去除率为83.24%,释磷量与吸磷量分别为7.23 mg·L-1和11.93 mg·L-1.     

焦炉烟气中二（口恶）英类物质排放水平研究

二噁英和类二噁英多氯联苯属于《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》规定的非故意产生的持久性有机物,统称为二噁英类物质.焦化生产过程中具备二噁英类物质生成所需的前体物、温度、催化剂等条件,但目前国内外对焦化行业焦炉烟气二噁英类物质排放研究仍属空白,为进一步明确焦化行业排放水平和影响因素,针对性地提出行业减排和控制措施,利用高分辨气相色谱-高分辨质谱法对4个不同规模的典型焦化企业焦炉烟气中二噁英类物质排放情况进行现场采样和实验室分析.结果表明,二噁英类物质毒性当量(以WHO-TEQ计)范围为3.9~30.0 pg·m-3,处于较低水平,检出较多的PCDD/Fs同系物主要是高氯代的.另外,烟气中此类物质的排放量与焦化生产工艺关系密切,捣鼓炼焦、较高的炭化室高度有利于减少二噁英类物质的排放.     

悬浮型光催化纳滤膜反应器对染料中间体H酸溶液的降解

在多组分条件下通过采用悬浮型光催化纳滤膜反应器进行目标污染底物H酸的光催化降解效率及反应动力学研究,控制干扰污染物吐氏酸和变色酸浓度分别为5,10,20,25,40mg/L,控制H酸浓度100mg/L恒定不变.实验结果表明,在单组分光催化纳滤膜反应器中,在Ct/C0?0.7条件下,降解过程遵循L-H零级(0~12min)与L-H一级(12~20min)的混合动力学模型;在多组分光催化纳滤膜反应器中,随着干扰物浓度的增加,在Ct/C0?0.7条件下(约0~20min反应时间段)其降解过程均对应地遵循L-H一级反应动力学模型.通过实验进一步证实,H酸光催化降解动力学的改变主要由耦合光催化反应器内底物和光催化剂表面H酸的浓度差异性引起.     

Oxidative capacities of size-segregated haze particles in a residential area of Beijing

The frequent haze days around the Chinese capital of Beijing in recent years have aroused great attention owing to the detrimental efects on visibility and public health. To discover the potential health efects of the haze, oxidative capacities of airborne particles collected in Beijing during haze and clear days were comparably assessed by a plasmid scission assay. Eleven water-soluble trace elements(As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, Se, Tl, and Zn) in the size-segregated airborne particles were quantitatively analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and most of the watersoluble trace elements were found to mainly concentrate in the fine particle size of 0.56–1.0 μm. In comparison with clear days, the mass concentrations of 11 analyzed water-soluble trace elements remarkably increased during haze days, and the oxidative capacities determined by the plasmid scission assay were markedly elevated accordingly during the haze days under the same dosage of particles as for those during clear days. Water-soluble trace elements in airborne particles, such as Cu, V, and particularly Zn, were found to have significantly positive correlations with the plasmid DNA damage rates. Because Cu, V, and Zn have been considered as bioavailable elements, the evident increase of these elements during haze days may be greatly harmful to human health.     

Rapid detection of multiple class pharmaceuticals in both municipal wastewater and sludge with ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

This work described the development, optimization and validation of an analytical method for rapid detection of multiple-class pharmaceuticals in both municipal wastewater and sludge samples based on ultrasonic solvent extraction, solid-phase extraction, and ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry quantification. The results indicated that the developed method could effectively extract all the target pharmaceuticals （25） in a single process and analyze them within 24 min. The recoveries of the target pharmaceuticals were in the range of 69%-131% for wastewater and 54%-130% for sludge at different spiked concentration levels. The method quantification limits in wastewater and sludge ranged from 0.02 to 0.73 ng/L and from 0.02 to 1.00μg/kg, respectively. Subsequently, this method was validated and applied for residual pharma- ceutical analysis in a wastewater treatment plant located in Beijing, China. All the target pharmaceuticals were detected in the influent samples with concentrations varying from 0.09 ng/L （tiamulin） to 15.24 μg/L （caffeine）; meanwhile, up to 23 pharmaceuticals were detected in sludge samples with concentrations varying from 60 ng/kg （sulfamethizole） to 8.55 mg/kg （ofloxacin）. The developed method demonstrated its selectivity, sensitivity, and reliability for detecting multiple-class pharmaceuticals in complex matrices such as municipal wastewater and sludge.