碱性蚀刻废液中的铜回收

考察N910、Lix84-I、N902和RE609 4种不同类型的萃取剂从高浓度铜氨溶液中萃取铜的效率,选取萃取效果较好的N910作为重点研究对象,并研究其从铜氨溶液萃取铜的萃取性能。实验发现,N910具有萃取速率快、饱和容量高、分离效果好、反萃完全及不易萃氨等特点;并用80%N910+煤油溶液,在pH=9.5,温度25℃,相比(O/A)1∶1条件,进行真实料液萃取实验,振荡10 min,萃取中铜离子的浓度达到69.66 g/L。因此,N910能够作为一种高效的铜萃取剂,从碱性蚀刻废液中回收铜。     

水中多壁碳纳米管的凝聚动力学

利用动态光散射技术研究了环境因素对水中多壁碳纳米管(Multi-walled carbon nanotubes,MWNTs)颗粒凝聚过程的影响.结果表明,投加一价、二价电解质均可使水中MWNTs颗粒Zeta电位减小、水合动力学半径增大,促进颗粒间凝聚的发生;水中MWNTs颗粒的凝聚过程可分为反应控制和扩散控制两个不同阶段,符合经典的胶体稳定性(DLVO)理论.经计算,Na+、K+、Ca2+和Mg2+的临界凝聚浓度分别为221、251、8.0、8.4 mmol·L-1.腐殖酸存在可通过空间位阻效应显著增强水中MWNTs的分散性,表明MWNTs可稳定存在于典型的水环境中.     

混合胺复配溶液对二氧化碳的吸收/解吸

醇胺法是目前捕集二氧化碳的主要化学方法之一.本文主要以混合胺吸收剂为基础,考察了三乙烯四胺(TETA)-活化剂-水体系的吸收和解吸再生能力,确定了以质量分数为12.5%的TETA为基础胺的高吸收速率低解吸能耗的混合胺复配吸收液.分别选取质量分数为2.5%二乙醇胺(DEA)、二乙烯三胺(DETA)、哌嗪(PZ)、2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇(AMP)为活化剂,即基础胺与活化剂的质量比为5∶1,从CO_2脱除率、吸收速率、吸收量、溶液负荷等指标来考察混合胺复配溶液体系的吸收情况,从中选取具有高吸收效率复配溶液进行解吸再生实验.解吸再生能力以解吸再生能耗、再生程度、再生速率等指标为依据,选取低再生能耗的混合复配溶液.实验表明,4种总质量分数为15%的TETA-活化剂复配溶液中,TETA-PZ的吸收效果最好、吸收量最大,同时解吸再生能耗最低,TETA-AMP复配体系其次.综合实验结果,选取TETA-环胺-水体系和TETA-空间位阻胺-水体系为最佳混合胺复配溶液体系.     

类Fenton反应对偶氮染料橙黄Ⅱ的脱色研究

以橙黄Ⅱ染料溶液为研究对象，通过正交实验确定了Fe-NTA／H2O2构成的类Fenton反应中各影响因子的最佳操作条件为：[H2O2]=20mmol／L，[Fe-NTA]=2．5mmol／L．pH=3。同时考察了反应时间、溶液pH值、H2O2浓度、Fe-NTA浓度对脱色效率的影响。实验表明脱色反应在30min内基本完成，类Fenton试剂能在较宽的pH范围内保持较好的脱色效果，而且在pH=6时，类Fenton试剂比传统Fenton试剂的脱色效率提高约75％。增加双氧水浓度可以提高橙黄Ⅱ溶液脱色率，但超过20mmol／L后效果提高不明显。在0．5～2．5mmol／L的范围内，Fe—NTA浓度对脱色效果的影响不显著。     

离子色谱法测定土壤中草甘膦的提取溶液选择

以辽宁棕壤等10种土壤为样品,探讨了水和pH值=9.00～14.00的氢氧化钠(NaOH)作为提取液对草甘膦分析的影响.结果表明,以水为提取液,仅石灰性紫色土和灰钙土能获得较高的回收率,其他所测土壤尤其是pH值<8.00的土壤其回收率较低,提取效果受土壤理化性质影响明显.以pH值=9.00～14.00的NaOH为提取液...     

电渗析分离硫酸钠溶液的研究

工业生产中经常遇到含酸、碱、盐的废水,尤其是低浓度废水,直接排放既浪费资源又污染环境,如果加以处理则可以回收工业原料并将水净化。采用常规的方法处理低浓度的废水比较困难且成本较高,而用电渗析方法提浓后,再用常规的方法处理则可以大大降低成本。我们对电渗析分离硫酸钠水溶液过程中极限电流密度与浓度、流量、温度等因素的关系进行了研究。１　试验部分１１　原料无水硫酸钠,无水亚硫酸钠（分析纯）。１２　装置电渗析器：２００×４００ｍｍ（一级一段）;隔板：无回路聚丙烯编织网;膜类：均相阴、阳离子交换膜;电极：…     

Biosorption of clofibric acid and carbamazepine in aqueous solution by agricultural waste rice straw

Due to their widespread use, clofibric acid （CA） and carbamazepine （CBZ） have been frequently detected simultaneously at relatively high concentrations in aquatic environments. In this study, agricultural waste rice straw was employed as a potentially low-cost, effective and easy-to-operate biosorbent （RSB） to remove CA and CBZ. The adsorption of both pharmaceuticals followed pseudo second-order kinetics, and intraparticle diffusion was an important rate-limiting step. The adsorption isotherms of both drugs were fit well with Freundlich model. The adsorption of CA onto RSB was exothermic and was more likely to be dominated by physical processes, while the adsorption of CBZ was endothermic. Solution pH was determined to be the most important factor for CA adsorption, such that the adsorption capacity of CA onto RSB increased with the decline of solution pH. In the lower range of solution pH below 3. l, the CA removal efficiency was enhanced with the increase of biosorbent dosage. The CBZ removal efficiency was enhanced with the increase of RSB dosage without pH control. The maximum adsorption capacities were 126.3 mg/g for CA and 40.0 mg/g for CBZ.     

Adsorption of β-naphthalenesulfonic acid/sulfuric acid from their solution by weakly basic resin: equilibrium

Experiments for single and bisolute competitive adsorption were carried out to investigate the adsorption behavior of β-naphthalenesulfonic acid(NSA) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) from their solution at 25℃ onto weakly basic resin D301R. Adsorption affinity of sulfuric acid on D301R was found to be much higher than that of NSA. The data of single-solute adsorption were fitted to the Langmuir model and the Freundlich adsorption model. The ideal adsorbed solution theory(lAST) coupled with the single-solute adsorption models were used to predict the bisolute competitive adsorption equilibria. The lAST coupled with the Langmuir and the Freundlich model for sulfuric acid and NSA, respectively, yields the favorable representation of the bisolute competitive adsorption behavior.     

紫外辐射对腐殖酸溶液理化性质及其混凝性能的影响

为探明紫外辐射对腐殖酸溶液在后续混凝过程的促进原理,系统考察了紫外辐射对腐殖酸溶液理化性质的影响规律,以及这些理化性质上的变化对腐殖酸混凝性能的影响.结果表明,经紫外辐射处理后,除Zeta电位外,腐殖酸溶液的p H、色度和黏度均呈现不同程度的下降趋势.进一步研究发现,黏度对腐殖酸溶液的混凝效果影响相对较弱.酸性条件下,腐殖酸溶液的混凝性能明显增加.Zeta电位的增加使得胶体之间更易聚集沉淀.此外,除了相对分子质量为10×10~3~30×10~3和小于1×10~3的腐殖酸所占比例增加外,低分子量腐殖酸所占比重也无明显改变,这可能是紫外辐射后腐殖酸溶液混凝性能不降反增的重要原因.     

甲基橙溶液多相光催化降解研究

利用中压汞灯作为光源,在ＴｉＯ２粉末悬浆体系内,以甲基橙溶液光降解脱色速率为例,探讨间歇式电光源圆柱形光化学反应器的运行情况及影响因素．分别考察了使用３００Ｗ和５００Ｗ中压汞灯、石英和玻璃冷阱、甲基橙溶液温度在２０℃或５０℃、不同ＴｉＯ２催化剂以及不同催化剂投加量对甲基橙溶液脱色速率的影响．从而得出在现有电光源圆柱形反应器的最佳运行条件下,２０ｍｇ／Ｌ的甲基橙溶液光照１０ｍｉｎ,脱色率达９７．４％．