Impact of some chlorinated pesticides on the haematology of the fish Cyprinus carpio and Puntius ticto

The effects of pesticides on blood characteristics and histological changes in erythrocytes of the fish species Cyprinus carpio and Puntius ticto were studied. The fishes were exposed to sub lethal concentrations of different chlorinated pesticides namely aldrin, dieldrin, DDT, BHC and chlordane for 10, 20 and 30 d in continuous flow-through test. The LCso values were calculated based on acute toxicity tests and the sublethal doses were arrived at for chronic bioassay studies. Results showed an increase in haemoglobin content of both Cyprinus carpio and Puntius ticto in case of aldrin and dieldrin. Haemoglobin content reduced from an initial 13 g/100 ml to 8.07 and 10.15 g/100 ml in case of Cyprinus at the end of ten days exposure to aldrin and dieldrin respectively, and gradually increased to 8.7 g/100 ml and 10.15 g/100 ml after 20 d of exposure. The haemoglobin content after 30 d exposure to aldrin and dieldrin was 10.15 g/100 ml and 11.6 g/100 ml respectively. In case of Puntius ticto, the haemoglobin content in control fishes recorded was 12.8 g/100 ml while in case of fish exposed to aldrin, the haemoglobin content reduced initially on ten days exposure to 10.15 g/100 ml and increased to 11.6 g/100 ml and 13.0 g/100 ml during twenty days and thirty days exposure respectively. This trend was also observed with dieldrin in both the fishes studied. Red blood cells were also counted in case of all the pesticides and exposure periods with respect to Cyprinus carpio and Puntius ticto. Irrespective of the species and pesticide, the RBC counts uniformly showed decreasing trend with the increase in exposure period, while packed cell volume, PCV(%) showed increasing trend with respect to increase in exposure period in case of aldrin and dieldrin in both the fishes. But DDT, BHC and chlordane showed decreasing trend in PCV(%) values with increasing periods of exposure.     

水环境中重金属铜暴露下青鳉鱼的行为响应

采用生物行为传感器监测青鳉鱼在重金属铜暴露下的行为数据,分析不同暴露浓度(20、10、5、1和0.1 TU)下青鳉鱼的行为响应。20、10、5、1和0.1 TU的暴露浓度下青鳉鱼对重金属污染的行为反应模式符合环境胁迫阈值模型,且不同浓度梯度重金属对青鳉鱼产生不同的行为毒性效应。利用重金属作用下青鳉鱼的行为变化来研究重金属环境胁迫导致的生物行为响应机制,从而得到重金属暴露下生物行为的实时变化过程和趋势,可对水环境生态系统质量进行综合评价。     

五种不同养殖生物中氯化二苯并二噁英和呋喃的污染水平及特征

对五种养殖生物进行二噁英类化合物污染水平和指纹特征的研究结果显示,鱼、虾、蟹、扇贝和牡蛎的平均浓度分别是0.35pg·g-1,0.57pg·g-1,0.62pg·g-1,0.11pg·g-1和1.38pg·g-1.OCDD是五种养殖生物的最主要污染物,其次是2,3,7,8-TCDF, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD和OCDF. 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD和2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF是五种养殖生物中二噁英毒性最主要的贡献者.初步认为,生活习性的差异是造成五种不同养殖生物二噁英污染水平差异的重要原因.     

氯代苯在鱼体内富集和释放行为的研究

运用快速测定ＢＣＦ的方法,研究了７种氯代苯在鲤鱼体内富集和释放的行为。实验结果表明,用脂肪含量标化的ＢＣＦＬ与辛醇分配系数Ｋｏｗ吻合较好,吸收速率常数（Ｋ１２）、释放速率常数（Ｋ２１）和生物富集系数的对数值与ｌｇＫｏｗ有较好的相关关系;对于高脂溶性氯代苯,由于其结构的庞大,影响富集过程,所以本文采用了分子表面积对拟合的线性方程进行了校正．改善了ｌｇｋ１２和ｌｇＫｏｗ之间的线性关系。     

拉萨裂腹鱼在藏木和加查鱼道基于基因交流的过坝需求及其受到的遗传选择

为了解拉萨裂腹鱼(Schizothorax waltoni)在藏木和加查鱼道基于基因交流的过坝需求及其受到的遗传选择,采用线粒体Cyt b基因序列分析来自藏木水电站坝址上游(ZMBS)、藏木鱼道(ZMYD)、藏木水电站坝址下游(ZMBX)、加查鱼道(JCYD)和加查水电站坝址下游(JCBX)5个群体共220尾拉萨裂腹鱼的遗传多样性及遗传结构。结果表明：(1)藏木水电站和加查水电站坝址上游与下游拉萨裂腹鱼群体(ZMBS、ZMBX和JCBX)遗传多样性水平相近(H_d((ZMBS))=0.868,P_i((ZMBS))=0.004 16;H_d((ZMBX))=0.825,P_i((ZMBX))=0.003 88;H_d((JCBX))=0.833,P_i((JCBX))=0.003 70),两两群体间基因交流频繁(25.23<|N     

长江中上游圆口铜鱼群体遗传结构研究

为科学地开展圆口铜鱼人工繁殖和增殖放流等保护工作,研究采用9个四碱基重复的圆口铜鱼（Coreius guichenoti）微卫星标记,对采自宜昌、三峡库区、宜宾、永善、巧家、攀枝花6个江段的199尾圆口铜鱼样本的遗传多样性和遗传结构进行了分析。依照采样点不同将圆口铜鱼分成6个群体,研究结果显示,9个微卫星标记均具有较高的多态性,各群体遗传多样性水平较高。AMOVA显示6个群体并未达到显著遗传分化水平。Structure分析将6个群体分为2组,三峡库区群体中部分个体与宜宾群体中部分个体为一组,其他为另一组。分子方差分析（AMOVA）结果与Structure分析结果间存在一定差异,可能原因在于AMOVA结果是将每个群体作为一个整体来显示的,而Structure分析结果是将每个群体按照个体数所占比例来显示的。因此,为避免遗传背景污染事件的发生,进行圆口铜鱼人工繁殖的遗传管理,分析比较放流群体和野生群体的遗传结构是必须的     

几种络合态铜对彩虹方头鱼的生物有效性

通过暴露实验和化学形态计算方法研究了彩虹方头鱼(Ｐａｒａｃｈｅｉｒｏｄｏｎｉｎｎｅｓｉ)对四种铜络合物的吸收．结果表明,络合态铜可被彩虹方头鱼吸收,但对络合态铜的吸收率显著低于对非络合态铜的吸收率,在其它形态铜含量基本恒定的条件下,铜吸收量随络合态铜含量的增加而呈线性增加趋势．不同络合态铜的有效性也有显著差别,条件稳定常数越高,则越不容易被吸收．由于铜暴露导致的粘液分泌量的变化从另一侧面证实了络合态铜的可吸收性．     

鱼血微核试验评价长江江苏段水污染遗传毒性

采用原位监测野生鲫鱼外周血红细胞的微核发生率评价长江江苏段水污染的遗传毒性,并与实验室内的Cr(Ⅵ)诱变试验结果进行对比分析。结果表明,常熟望虞河口、江阴滨江村调查点的水污染对鲫鱼的遗传毒性最高,海门江心沙农场其次,江浦、江宁、靖江、镇江调查点的毒性最低。     

高温灰化—电极法测定乌伦古湖鱼中氟的方法初探

以乌伦古湖鱼体(鱼肉,不含鱼内脏)为研究对象,在碱性条件下,用硝酸镁固定样品中氟,高温灰化去除有机物,盐酸浸提,用离子缓冲溶液消除干扰离子,离子选择电极法测定乌伦古湖鱼中的氟。实际样品中加入1.00 mg/kg氟标准品,测定回收率分别为89.5%和88.0%,RSD为3.02%和4.29%。