最新安全生产法律法规、文件 活页汇编

<正>②十部门公告:危险化学品目录(2015版)②公安部国家互联网信息办公室工业和信息化部环境保护部国家工商行政管理总局国家安全生产监督管理总局关于印发《互联网危险物品信息发布管理规定》的通知④交通运输部公安部国家安全监管总局关于印发2015年"道路运输平安年"活动方案的通知⑧公安部交通运输部国家安全监管总局关于近期接连发生群死群伤事故情况的通报     

双酚A(BPA)暴露对WHHL家兔糖类和脂类代谢的影响

为利用和人类更为接近的动物模型来研究在高脂血症条件下,BPA暴露是否能促进脂类和糖类代谢异常,并探索潜在的毒性效应机制,选取渡边可遗传高脂血症家兔(WHHL)模型,通过灌胃的方式将其暴露于400μg·kg-1体重的BPA溶液长达12周。在持续暴露第8周,检测了在空腹状态下,家兔血浆中葡萄糖、胰岛素和脂肪含量的变化,并根据所得结果进行了静脉注射胰岛素耐受试验(IVTT)。在暴露第12周,同样对空腹状态下,家兔血浆中的葡萄糖,胰岛素和脂肪含量进行了检测,并测量了血压和心率。然后,将所有的家兔进行解剖,通过苏木精-伊红(HE)及糖原(PAS)染色分别对心脏和肝脏部位的脂肪及糖原蓄积情况进行了病理学切片分析。同时,检测了肝脏中与脂类和糖类代谢相关基因在m RNA水平上的表达变化。结果显示,BPA暴露8周后促使WHHL家兔发生了胰岛素抵抗现象,导致第12周血糖及胰岛素含量升高,同时也促进了高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及游离脂肪酸(NEFA)含量的上升。BPA暴露第12周,暴露组WHHL家兔的冠状动脉粥样硬化损伤程度未发生明显增加,但心肌细胞发生了肿胀,胞质中出现了脂肪的蓄积,同时伴随着心律失常。肝脏重量发生增加,肝细胞中同时出现了脂肪和糖原的蓄积现象,相关基因的表达发生了显著上调。研究结果表明,BPA持续暴露可促进WHHL家兔发生脂类和糖类代谢异常,其毒性效应机制可能和胰岛素抵抗及相关基因的异常表达有关。     

新常态下中国绿色增长:机遇和挑战

在环境与发展新常态下,中国实现绿色增长既面临众多挑战,也迎来重要机遇。中国应抓住机遇,加速推动绿色增长。一是在国家层面释放更为明确的推动绿色增长的信号;二是优化区域布局;三是通过技术和制度创新实现全要素生产率的提高;四是大力推动城镇绿色化、工业智能化、农业生态化进程;五是在涉及绿色增长的关键部门加强各项配套政策措施;六是构建有利于绿色增长的财税金融政策体系;七是大力培育绿色消费市场,加快绿色科技创新和应用;八是促进环境治理体系和能力现代化,推动环境管理转型;九是发挥社会公众在推动绿色增长中的力量和主体作用。     

温度对南苕溪水质电导率和pH的影响

为了解决临安市南苕溪水质电导率和pH测量过程中存在的误差,本文以临安市南苕溪长桥和马溪作为检测点,把其水质作为研究对象,通过对检测点大量水质样本的采样,检测不同温度下南苕溪水质的电导率和pH值,主要利用统计学回归分析和相关性分析的方法,研究其电导率和pH与随温度之间的关系。实验结果表明:当温度升高时,南苕溪长桥和马溪水质的电导率随温度的升高而增大;当温度下降时,南苕溪长桥和马溪水质的电导率随温度的下降而变小。南苕溪长桥和马溪水质的电导率与温度之间呈高度线性相关,相关系数达到0.99,调整后的回归模型的拟合系数为0.979;南苕溪不同检测点之间存在差异性,电导率随温度变化趋势相同,变化的程度不同;pH随温度的上升和下降变化较小,基本保持稳定。     

600MW机组脱硫浆液量变化建模与设备节能匹配特性分析

火电机组的脱硫与环保密切相关,因此在高度重视环保的今天,脱硫显得非常重要。火电机组FGD(Flue Gas Desulfurization,湿法烟气脱硫)工艺系统复杂,能耗巨大,其中,仅系统电耗就占脱硫装置运行费用80%以上,因此节能降耗对提升脱硫系统的经济性十分重要。通过对某电厂600 MW机组FGD系统运行参数分析,利用建模计算出不同负荷下的浆液并与实际运行浆液量对比,发现实际运行浆液量偏大,这是导致FDG系统能耗偏大的原因。本文提出对浆液循环泵的运行台数和叶轮改造,通过合理的运行匹配来优化运行时最佳浆液量,FGD实际运行按匹配方案投运,全年运行3台浆液泵时,理论节电184.2万k W·h/a,节省电费近64.47万元/a;实际运行节电208.8万k W·h/a,节省电费近73.08万元/a。同时可降低厂用电率,实现电厂进一步节能降耗,大大提高电厂经济性。     

初始pH值对微生物反硝化的影响

采用模拟硝酸盐污染地下水(简称模拟水)驯化培养反硝化菌,并对初始pH对反硝化菌脱氮能力的影响进行研究。研究结果表明:反硝化菌在初始pH分别为7.0、7.5、8.0、8.5的模拟水中生长速率较快,且反硝化进行到16 h时对应硝态氮的平均还原速率最大,分别为5.48,5.52,5.41,5.50 mg/(L·h),明显高于初始pH为6.5和6.0时3.47,4.67 mg/(L·h)的最大平均还原速率;在反硝化进行到36 h时,初始pH为7.0~8.5的模拟水中的总氮去除率均达到90%以上,pH为7.5时总氮去除率最高,为97.1%。     

雨后短时间环境地表γ剂量率数值变化研究

雨后数小时内近地表x-γ空气吸收剂量率数值将显著上升,持续一段时间之后,近地表x-γ空气吸收剂量率数值再次恢复为通常水平,为探明成因,通过大气氡分布理论得出氡子体沉降模型,利用该模型和γ场理论计算出近地表x-γ空气吸收剂量率数值上升区间,与近年杭州某辐射环境自动站x-γ空气吸收剂量率连续监测系统的实测历史数据比较,证明γ场理论和氡子体沉降模型对雨后短时间环境地表γ剂量率数值上升具有较好的理论解释和预测,并对辐射自动站选址和环境地表γ剂量率监测提供指导意义.     

Activated carbon enhanced ozonation of oxalate attributed to HO. oxidation in bulk solution and surface oxidation： Effect of activated carbon dosage and pH

Ozonation of oxalate in aqueous phase was performed with a commercial activated carbon（AC）in this work. The effect of AC dosage and solution pH on the contribution of hydroxyl radicals（HOU） in bulk solution and oxidation on the AC surface to the removal of oxalate was studied. We found that the removal of oxalate was reduced by tert-butyl alcohol（tBA） with low dosages of AC,while it was hardly affected by tBA when the AC dosage was greater than 0.3 g/L. tBA also inhibited ozone decomposition when the AC dosage was no more than 0.05 g/L, but it did not work when the AC dosage was no less than 0.1 g/L. These observations indicate that HOUin bulk solution and oxidation on the AC surface both contribute to the removal of oxalate. HOU oxidation in bulk solution is significant when the dosage of AC is low, whereas surface oxidation is dominant when the dosage of AC is high. The oxalate removal decreased with increasing pH of the solution with an AC dosage of 0.5 g/L. The degradation of oxalate occurs mainly through surface oxidation in acid and neutral solution, but through HOUoxidation in basic bulk solution. A mechanism involving both HOUoxidation in bulk solution and surface oxidation was proposed for AC enhanced ozonation of oxalate.     

Salinity influence on soil microbial respiration rate of wetland in the Yangtze River estuary through changing microbial community

Estuarine wetland, where freshwater mixes with salt water, comprises different regions（rivers and marine ecosystems） with significantly varying tidal salinities. Two sampling areas, ZXS and JS, were selected to investigate the effect of tidal salinity on soil respiration（SR）. ZXS and JS were located in Zhongxia Shoal and Jiangyanan Shoal of Jiuduansha Wetland respectively, with similar elevation and plant species, but significantly different in salinity. The results showed that with almost identical plant biomass, the SR and soil microbial respiration（SMR） of the tidal wetland with lower salinity（JS） were significantly higher than those of the tidal wetland with higher salinity（ZXS）（p 〈 0.05）. However, unlike SMR and SR, the difference in the soil microbial biomass（SMB） was not significant（p 〉 0.05）with the SMB of ZXS a little higher than that of JS. The higher SMR and SR of JS may be closely connected to the soil microbial community structures and amount of dominant bacteria. Abundant β- and γ-Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria in JS soil, which have strong heterotrophic metabolic capabilities, could be the main reason for higher SMR and SR,whereas a high number of ε-Proteobacteria in ZXS, some of which have carbon fixation ability, could be responsible for relatively lower carbon output. Path analysis indicated that soil salinity had the maximum negative total influencing coefficient with SMR among the various soil physical and chemical factors, suggesting that higher soil salinity, restricting highly heterotrophic bacteria, is the principle reason for lower SMR and SR in the ZXS.     

中和法调节硫磺冶炼废渣pH值的试验研究

土法冶炼硫磺废渣浸出液中主要超标因子为p H值,采用生石灰与土法冶炼硫磺废渣进行中和,可将其浸出液由呈强酸性变成中性,废渣属性由Ⅱ类一般工业固体废物变为Ⅰ类一般工业固体废物。试验结果表明,生石灰投加比例约为0.5%,浸出液p H值从3.0~4.8之间调整为6~9时,浸出液中的铁、锰、铜、砷等多种重金属浓度可明显下降,降幅可达90%左右。经中和后的废渣,其环境安全风险明显降低,从而可减少废渣处置场防渗处理工艺、工程投资,降低处置场运营管理难度及风险。