艾比湖干涸湖底化学组成及盐尘的风运堆积

选择亚洲中部典型干涸尾闾湖——艾比湖干涸湖底及其下风向约200km的范围为研究区,并把研究区分为干涸湖底风蚀区和盐尘扩散堆积区两个子区.通过对两子区连续多年野外实地观测、采样分析、定点试验等手段,研究了干涸湖底表层沉积物的化学组成、湖底风蚀动态和盐尘的扩散堆积规律.结果表明,艾比湖干涸湖底不同地表形态(结晶盐壳、盐-淤泥-黏土壳、风蚀堆积壳)间可溶性盐含量差异显著,盐类混合物中以硫酸盐和氯化物为主,二者基本占全部可溶性盐的90%,碳酸盐含量甚微.春秋两季是湖底风蚀和盐碱尘暴的高发期,盐分堆积动态与风期变化一致,春、秋两季大风期,降尘中盐通量最高;冬、夏两季降尘中盐通量较低.干涸湖底下风向盐尘的堆积强度以精河为中心分别向西北和东北方向递减,盐尘在风运过程中表现出显著的分异规律,硫酸盐比氯化物具有更远距离的迁移能力.     

Soluble protein and acid phosphatase exuded by ectomycorrhizal fungi and seedlings in response to excessive Cu and Cd

Fungi and their symbionts can alleviate heavy metal stress by exuding soluble proteins and enzymes. This study examined the role of soluble protein and acid phosphatase (APase) exuded by Xerocomus chrysenteron, an ectomycorrhizal fungus, and the seedlings of its symbiont, Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis), under conditions of excessive Cu and Cd. The growth type showed that this poorly studied ectomycorrhizal fungus was capable of tolerating high concentrations of Cu, and may be useful in phytoremediation. X. chrysenteron grew well at 80 mg/L Cu, and the EC50 for Cd was 17.82 mg/L. X. chrysenteron also showed enhanced exudation of soluble protein in both isolated and inoculated cultivations under the influence of Cu and Cd. Soluble protein exudation, however, di ered under Cu and Cd stress in isolates. In mediums containing Cu, soluble protein exudation increased with concentration, but in mediums containing Cd the content of soluble protein increased to a comparable level at all concentrations. This study demonstrated that soluble protein was related to heavy metal tolerance, although the di erent ions played di erent roles. While APase activity in exudates of fungi and seedlings decreased under Cu and Cd stress in comparison to the control, the APase activity in seedlings was maintained by inoculation. Thus, X. chrysenteron facilitated the ability of plant to maintain a normal nutrient uptake, and therefore to protect it from heavy metal toxicity.     

3个品种水稻种子萌发对酸雨胁迫的响应

为了探索不同水稻种植区水稻品种对酸雨胁迫的响应规律,采用室内实验方法研究pH值为2.0、2.5、3.0、3.5、4.0、5.0的模拟酸雨对隆安优8、天协1、协优57水稻品种种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数和异状发芽率5个指标的影响.结果表明:酸雨持续胁迫7d后,上述3个品种的发芽势(率)、发芽(活力)指数随胁迫强度增加(pH值为5.0～3.0)呈先增后减的变化,pH值为2.5时种子仅有异状发芽,pH值为2.0时均不发芽;3者的发芽势(率)、发芽(活力)指数等均与胁迫时间(1～7d)呈显著负相关(异状发芽率呈正相关).综合分析认为,酸雨对3个水稻品种的伤害阈限为pH值2.5～3.5;一定胁强(pH值为2.5)下,3类种子上述5项萌发指标与CK呈显著差异的胁时不同:隆安优8、协优57(4d,2d,2d,2d,4d)大于或等天协1(3d,2d,2d,2d,3d),表明3者对酸雨的抗性存在一定差异,即隆安优8、协优57大于天协1.     

Effects of UV/Ag-TiO2/O3 advanced oxidation on unicellular green alga Dunaliella salina: Implications for removal of invasive species from ballast water

The UV/Ag-TiO2/O3 process was investigated for ballast water treatment using Dunaliella salina as an indicator. Inactivation curves were obtained, and the toxicity of e uent was determined. Compared with individual unit processes using ozone or UV/Ag-TiO2, the inactivation e ciency of D. salina by the combined UV/Ag-TiO2/O3 process was enhanced. The presence of ozone caused an immediate decrease in chlorophyll a (chl-a) concentration. Inactivation e ciency and chl-a removal e ciency were positively correlated with ozone dose and ultraviolet intensity. The initial total residual oxidant (TRO) concentration of e uent increased with increasing ozone dose, and persistence of TRO resulted in an extended period of toxicity. The results suggest that UV/Ag-TiO2/O3 has potential for ballast water treatment.     

金属盐催化生物质热解动力学特性研究

在论述国内外生物质热解技术研究进展的基础上,就金属盐对生物质的催化热解展开动力学研究。以秸秆、稻壳和稻草为原料,利用热重分析仪等实验设备进行热解实验,即在对典型的生物质及生物质和金属盐的混合物进行热解特性实验研究的基础上,分析反应速率与各项物理因素（如金属盐种类、浓度、升温速率等）之间的关系。实验结果表明,金属盐对生物质热解反应具有促进作用,在一定范围内其浓度增加,热解转化率增加,反应速度提高。     

自然环境谱编制方法研究

针对装备(产品)在服役过程中所遭受的自然环境开展了自然环境谱编制方法研究,给出了自然环境谱的定义和编制程序,提出了盐雾和工业废气环境的判定标准,制定了适用于我国各种大气环境场地自然环境谱的编制方法,并举例编制了某地域的自然环境谱.     

蓄电池生产废水处理技术研究

针对蓄电池生产废水的特点,主要是含有浓度较高的氟化物和重金属铅类,同时含有一定量的有机物质和悬浮物,主要处理方法为物理化学方法。粉煤灰处理含氟水、石灰-硫酸-铁盐法、聚合硫酸铁和氢氧化钙以及聚丙烯酰胺联合处理含氟废水等处理方法都具有较高的除氟率。处理废水中重金属铅离子,目前工业中一般采用化学沉淀法和离子交换法。采用pH调节-石灰-铝盐反应沉淀工艺去除废水中的氟、铅及部分磷酸盐,采用生化处理去除有机物。     

储能技术应用与发展趋势

在介绍当前国内外储能技术政策背景、市场发展现状的基础上,梳理和分析常见的抽水蓄能、电化学储能、熔融盐储能、压缩空气储能和飞轮储能等储能技术的基本原理、优点和不足、应用场景以及未来的发展趋势,总结和对比各种储能技术的主要参数,为能源利用工作者提供实用性参考。     

连云港海底底泥及青海湖底泥细菌多样性研究

通过对不同盐环境连云港海底底泥和青海湖底泥样品构建细菌16S rRNA克隆文库,对2个环境样品中细菌群落的多样性、丰富度和优势度等进行了比较,并对其群落组成结构进行了分析.结果表明,连云港海底底泥文库的多样性指数Shannon diversity（H）达到3.53,青海湖底泥文库的Shannon diversity（H...     

铸铝合金不同厚度膜层微弧氧化防腐蚀性能试验研究

针对某型铸铝合金的不同热处理状态、不同厚度的微弧氧化膜的防腐蚀性能进行了960 h的盐雾对比试验。结果表明,对于该型铸铝合金T7热处理状态防腐蚀能力优于T5;微弧氧化处理能明显提高该型铸铝合金防腐蚀能力,经不同厚度微弧氧化处理的该型铸铝合金,腐蚀深度无显著差异;在相同面积区域内,腐蚀损伤的程度有明显的不同,50～70μm的微弧氧化膜防腐蚀性能最好。