DAPI荧光染色计数法的感潮河段沉积物细菌数量测量影响因素研究

采集珠江广州河段沉积物样品,分析沉积物质地与有机质含量,同时分析了改良DAPI染色操作方法并讨论各因素对DAPI染色剂染色效果的影响,研究DAPI(4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylidole)荧光染色剂在具有感潮性质的沉积物样品中的染色影响因素.结果表明,沉积物稀释2 000倍,超声浴10 min,DAPI浓度为10μg.mL-1,染色时间30 min以上时,可以得到最佳细菌计数数量.细菌数量与褪色比例有良好的相关性(r=0.587,p=0.004).粒径组成与有机质含量有较强的相关性,它是通过影响有机质含量来影响褪色比例的,因此有机质也与褪色比例有一定的相关性.将褪色比例与有机质含量、细菌数量及黏粒比例做回归分析,得到与实测值相关性较好(r=0.694)的拟合值.这些结果表明,在使用DAPI荧光染色法研究感潮河段沉积物细菌数量的过程中,应充分考虑上述影响因素.     

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alter the response of growth and nutrient uptake of snap bean（Phaseolus vulgaris L.） to O_3

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus mosseae on the responses to elevated O3 in growth and nutrition of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv Guangzhouyuan) were investigated. Exposure was conducted in growth chambers by using three O3 concentrations (20 (CF), 80 (CFO1) and 120 nL/L (CFO2); 8 hr/day for 75 days). Results showed that elevated O3 slightly impacted overall mycorrhizal colonization, but significantly decreased the proportional frequency of hypha and increased the proportional frequency of spores and vesicles, suggesting that O3 had significant effects on mycorrhizal structure. Elevated O3 significantly decreased yield, dry mass and nutrient contents (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) in both non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal plants. However, significant interactive effects were found in most variables due to that the reduction by O3 in the mycorrhizal plants was less than that in the non-mycorrhizal plants. Additionally, AMF increased the concentrations of N, P, Ca, and Mg in shoot and root. It can be concluded that AMF alleviated detrimental effects of increasing O3 on host plant through improving plant nutrition and growth.     

积累与突变

经过30年的模仿、跟踪和追赶,我国科学进入比较活跃的创新阶段,并开始向自主创新过渡。2010年我国发明专利申请量超过39万件,居世界第二位;科研论文数量也已跃居全球第二。     

硝化细菌群落结构变化对系统脱氮性能的影响

通过投加高效硝化菌群的方法来改善系统脱氮不佳的现状,并通过MPN-Griess法对系统中的硝化细菌数量进行分析。结果表明:投菌后硝化细菌数量明显增多,且占总菌比例显著提高,出水氨氮达到8 mg/L以下。可见硝化细菌的数量及占总菌的比例与系统脱氮性能密切相关。     

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal phylogenetic groups differ in affecting host plants along heavy metal levels

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi（AMF） are important components of soil microbial communities,and play important role in plant growth. However, the effects of AMF phylogenetic groups（Glomeraceae and non-Glomeraceae） on host plant under various heavy metal levels are not clear. Here we conducted a meta-analysis to compare symbiotic relationship between AMF phylogenetic groups（Glomeraceae and non-Glomeraceae） and host plant functional groups（herbs vs. trees, and non-legumes vs. legumes） at three heavy metal levels. In the meta-analysis, we calculate the effect size（ln（RR）） by taking the natural logarithm of the response ratio of inoculated to non-inoculated shoot biomass from each study. We found that the effect size of Glomeraceae increased, but the effect size of non-Glomeraceae decreased under high level of heavy metal compared to low level. According to the effect size, both Glomeraceae and non-Glomeraceae promoted host plant growth, but had different effects under various heavy metal levels. Glomeraceae provided more benefit to host plants than non-Glomeraceae did under heavy metal condition, while non-Glomeraceae provided more benefit to host plants than Glomeraceae did under no heavy metal. AMF phylogenetic groups also differed in promoting plant functional groups under various heavy metal levels.Interacting with Glomeraceae, herbs and legumes grew better than trees and non-legumes did under high heavy metal level, while trees and legumes grew better than herbs and non-legumes did under medium heavy metal level. Interacting with non-Glomeraceae, herbs and legumes grew better than trees and non-legumes did under no heavy metal. We suggested that the combination of legume with Glomeraceae could be a useful way in the remediation of heavy metal polluted environment.     

Potential bioremediation of mercury-contaminated substrate using filamentous fungi isolated from forest soil

The use of filamentous fungi in bioremediation of heavy metal contamination has been developed recently. This research aims to observe the capability of filamentous fungi isolated from forest soil for bioremediation of mercury contamination in a substrate. Six fungal strains were selected based on their capability to grow in 25 mg/L Hg2+-contaminated potato dextrose agar plates. Fungal strain KRP1 showed the highest ratio of growth diameter, 0.831, thus was chosen for further observation.Identification based on colony and cell morphology carried out by 18S rRNA analysis gave a 98%match to Aspergillus flavus strain KRP1. The fungal characteristics in mercury(Ⅱ) contamination such as range of optimum pH, optimum temperature and tolerance level were 5.5–7 and 25–35℃ and 100 mg/L respectively. The concentration of mercury in the media affected fungal growth during lag phases. The capability of the fungal strain to remove the mercury(Ⅱ) contaminant was evaluated in 100 mL sterile 10 mg/L Hg2+-contaminated potato dextrose broth media in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks inoculated with 108spore/mL fungal spore suspension and incubation at 30℃ for 7 days. The mercury(Ⅱ) utilization was observed for flasks shaken in a 130 r/min orbital shaker(shaken) and nonshaken flasks(static) treatments. Flasks containing contaminated media with no fungal spores were also provided as control. All treatments were done in triplicate. The strain was able to remove 97.50%and 98.73% mercury from shaken and static systems respectively. A. flavus strain KRP1 seems to have potential use in bioremediation of aqueous substrates containing mercury(Ⅱ) through a biosorption mechanism.     

尝昔{五吞自诺

新环境,水碧天蓝,风调雨顺,是我们的共同梦想。 《新环境》,有主张,求真相。倡导精致阅读,是一本不一样的环境新闻杂志。 我们不求读者数量有多大,只为寻找志同道合的环保人。环保是信念,是生活方式,甚至是一种信仰。我们相信,关注《新环境》的读者。一定坚守绿色理想,且精神丰富,勤于思考,拒绝平庸。     

山东省自然保护区建设状况调查

调查了山东省自然保护区建设状况,分析了山东省自然保护区数量与面积、类型结构和区域分布特征。结果表明:截止2010年底,山东省自然保护区数量为73个,面积99.9万hm2,占全省国土面积的6.34%。省级自然保护区的数量和面积分别占全省自然保护区数量和面积的49.3%和55.0%。71.2%的自然保护区面积在10 000 hm2以下,30.1%的自然保护区的核心区、缓冲区与实验区的面积占自然保护区面积的比例在27%~42%之间变化。自然保护区类型比较齐全,森林生态类自然保护区的数量和面积分别占山东省自然保护区数量和面积的56.2%和31.1%。自然保护区区域分布不均,68.5%的自然保护区分布在鲁东丘陵区和鲁中南山地丘陵区。     

真菌LP-20对金属矿土壤镉锌的固定化作用研究

采用真菌分离纯化的方法从某重金属污染土壤中筛选分离出一株能够耐受并吸附二价镉、锌离子(Cd(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ))的真菌菌株LP-20。考察不同修复时间以及土壤p H值对固定化效率的影响。固定化效率以反应前后的镉锌有效态含量(利用TCLP提取液提取法测定)变化衡量。根据ITS(Internal transcribed spacer)r RNA基因测序结果,菌株LP-20属于Trichoderma spirale。LP-20对于Cd(Ⅱ)的固定效果普遍优于Zn(Ⅱ),并且对Cd(Ⅱ)的固定时间(10 d)少于对Zn(Ⅱ)的固定时间(20 d)。LP-20对于Cd(Ⅱ)和Zn(Ⅱ)的固定作用的最适宜p H范围为3~5。发现能够对土壤中镉锌离子具有良好固定化效果的真菌菌株对于发展土壤重金属污染的原位无毒无害化治理技术具有重要的实际意义。     

农田土壤酞酸酯的生物降解及真菌生长动态试验研究

室内模拟研究了农田土壤中酞酸酯(PAEs)含量、土壤基础呼吸量和真菌数量在PAEs降解过程中的变化。试验设对照(CK)、接种(JZ)和补种(BZ)3种处理,补接种的PAEs降解真菌(棒束梗霉属F3、芽枝状枝孢F4和爪哇正青霉F9)以每种2%的接种量加入土中,补种量与接种量相同,补种周期为20 d。结果表明,3种处理对土壤PAEs都有一定的降解作用,但接种和补种处理的土壤中4种复合PAEs总降解率分别比对照处理高出46.53%和51.54%。在试验周期内,补种处理的土壤麦角固醇含量维持在2.5~3.0μg/g,表明真菌数量稳定,而对照处理的土壤麦角固醇含量表现为先升高随后逐渐降低的趋势,60 d时下降到1.9μg/g;3种处理的土壤基础呼吸量也均呈下降趋势。因此,接种真菌可提高土壤PAEs的降解效率,而补种措施是保持土壤中真菌数量稳定的有效方法。