基于RS/GIS和RUSLE的福建武步溪流域土壤侵蚀研究

将地理信息系统(GIS)、遥感技术(RS)和美国修正的通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE)相结合对武步溪流域的土壤侵蚀量进行计算.运用ERDASIMAGINE 8.4软件对武步溪流域2001年和2003年的遥感影像进行监督分类,结合数字高程模型(DEM)和土壤分布图在ArcView3.2软件平台上获取RUSLE模型中的LS、C、P、R因子,通过ArcView3.2软件进行数据处理和叠加分析,最终得到武步溪流域两个年份的土壤侵蚀等级的空间分布图及土壤侵蚀量.研究结果表明:2001年和2003年中度侵蚀及其以上等级的土壤侵蚀量分别占同年总侵蚀量的88.1%和59.8%,2001年的土壤侵蚀状况比2003年更为严重,其主要原因是2001年降雨侵蚀因子大于2003年的降雨侵蚀因子.改变不合理的土地利用方式将有利于改善该流域土壤流失状况.     

基于水资源合理配置的河流“双总量”控制研究——以河北省唐山市为例

河道的最小控制流量和最大纳污控制量（简称“双总量”）是维系河流健康的决定性因子。论文初步建立了基于水资源合理配置的河流“双总量”控制研究技术框架,并对唐山市月尺度的“双总量”控制指标进行核算。通过水资源合理配置,除个别枯水年份和连续枯水年份外,唐山市河道的最小控制流量均可得到满足。在基准年、2010年和2020年3个规划水平年,唐山市规划河流COD的最大纳污控制量分别为16357．57、12659．19和11572．50t／a;NH3-N的最大纳污控制量分别为907．80、660．27和580．09t／a。在统一水资源配置平台上制定的“双总量”控制指标,从根本上保障了竞争用水条件下河流生态需水,客观确立了规划水平年河道纳污能力的年内分配,并整体上提高了河流的最大纳污能力。     

杭州湾海底输油管道防水体污染措施的探讨

1杭州湾海底输油管道及其海域基本情况杭州湾位于浙江省北部、上海市南部,东有舟山群岛,西有钱塘江注入,海底敷设有3条平行且相距50m的φ711mm、φ762mm、φ273mm管道,输送进口原油和石脑油。海底管道由慈溪新浦镇半掘浦下海,至平湖全塘镇白沙湾上岸,每条长55.6km。北岸(白沙湾)5km地形起伏较大,中段45km地势平坦,最高点在南岸海塘前沿,     

Resistance and biosorption mechanism of silver ions by Bacillus cereus biomass

Biosorption of silver ions onto Bacillus cereus biomass was investigated. Overall kinetic experiments were performed for the determination of the necessary contact time for the attainment of equilibrium. It was found that the overall biosorption process was best described by pseudo second-order kinetic model. The crystals detected by scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggested the precipitation was a possible mechanism of biosorption. The molecular genetics of silver resistance of B. cereus biomass was also detected and illustrated by a whole cell sensor tool.     

Factors affecting the direct mineralization of CO2 with olivine

Olivine, one of the most abundant minerals existing in nature, is explored as a CO2 carbonation agent for direct carbonation of CO2 in flue gas. Olivine based CO2 capture is thermodynamically favorable and can form a stable carbonate for long-term storage. Experimental results have shown that water vapor plays an important role in improving CO2 carbonation rate and capacities. Other operation conditions including reaction temperature, initial CO2 concentration, residence time corresponding to the flow rate of CO2 gas stream, and water vapor concentration also considerably affect the performance of the technology.     

Methanotrophic community structure of aged refuse and its capability for methane bio-oxidation

Aged refuse from waste landfills closed for eight years was examined and found to contain rich methanotrophs capable of biooxidation for methane. Specially, community structure and methane oxidation capability of methanotrophs in the aged refuse were studied. The amount of methanotrophs ranged 61.97 103–632.91 103 cells/g (in dry basis) in aged refuse from Shanghai Laogang Landfill. Type I and II methanotrophs were found in the aged refuse in the presence of sterilized sewage sludge and only Type I methanotrophs were detected in the presence of nitrate minimal salt medium (NMS). The clone sequences of the pmoA gene obtained from the aged refuse were similar to the pmoA gene of Methylobacter, Methylocaldum, and Methylocystis, and two clones were distinct with known genera of Type I methanotrophs according to phylogenetic analysis. Aged refuse enriched with NMS was used for methane biological oxidation and over 93% conversions were obtained.     

积累与突变

经过30年的模仿、跟踪和追赶,我国科学进入比较活跃的创新阶段,并开始向自主创新过渡。2010年我国发明专利申请量超过39万件,居世界第二位;科研论文数量也已跃居全球第二。     

使用量和单位常见错误浅析

以《量和单位》（GB3100—3102-1993）为依据,列举了各种常见的错误使用量和单位的名称和符号、量和单位非标准化的例子,对其进行了分析和探讨,提出标准化对策。     

污水处理厂产泥量与进水水质关系的研究

为研究阜阳污水处理厂近几年来污泥产量与进水水质之间的关系,对自2007年1月份以来的产泥量与进水水质的基础数据进行了整理．并通过建立各个数据之间的相互关系图表来分析产泥量与进水水质之间的关系。     

自适应模糊方法在烟气脱硝喷氨量控制系统中的应用

SCR烟气脱硝系统中喷氨量是一个重要的控制参数,它不仅影响了脱硝效率,过量时,还会产生二次污染,危及下游设备。电厂运行中,锅炉负荷不断变动,传统PID很难实现喷氨量的最佳控制。应用自适应模糊控制策略对喷氨量进行了控制,并对控制系统进行了仿真试验。结果表明:相对于传统的PID控制器,尿素溶液流量自适应模糊控制器的性能更佳,系统的动态响应较快且超调极小,即满足了工艺要求又降低了能耗。