春季南黄海溶解有机碳的分布特征及其受控因素

依据2007年4月对南黄海调查所得的溶解有机碳(DOC)数据,初步分析了南黄海DOC的分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明,2007年春季南黄海DOC的质量浓度为0.91～2.69 mg/L,平均值为1.62 mg/L,北部近岸DOC浓度高,长江口北部海域及南黄海中部外海DOC含量较低;在垂直方向上,10 m层DOC含量略高,各水层量值相差不大。DOC的分布趋势主要受控于水文结构,某些河口海域,生物生产对DOC含量也有一定的贡献。     

青岛近海夏冬季颗粒有机碳的分布特征

于2006年夏季(8月)和2006年冬季(12月)对青岛近海的悬浮体(TSM)、颗粒有机碳(POC)进行采样并测定。结果表明,青岛近海夏季POC的质量浓度范围为0.15~1.04 mg/L,平均值为0.31 mg/L,冬季POC的质量浓度范围为0.089~0.88 mg/L,平均值为0.27 mg/L。夏季高于冬季,但变化不大。青岛近海夏季POC质量浓度的平面分布具有东北部海域高,西南部海域低的分布趋势,其平面分布与叶绿素a的平面分布基本相似,夏季POC由生物活动控制。冬季POC质量浓度的平面分布呈现近岸高,远岸低,等值线基本与海岸线平行的分布特征,其平面分布与TSM的平面分布相似,冬季POC由TSM控制。夏季和冬季,浮游植物对POC的贡献分别为26.9%和4.10%,青岛近海以碎屑有机碳为主。POC的周日变化明显,夏季由生物活动控制,冬季由潮汐控制。     

改性TiO2的制备、表征及光解水制氢性能研究

以陶粒为载体,采用改进的溶胶-凝胶法制备B、Ni共掺杂陶粒负载纳米TiO2光催化剂。利用XRD,TG-DTA,FT-IR等手段对其组成、结构等进行分析和表征。以250 W紫外灯为光源,三乙胺为目标污染物和电子给体,考察了B-Ni2O3-TiO2/陶粒合成体降解污染物耦合光解水制氢的光催化性能;结果表明：所制得的B-Ni2O3-TiO2/陶粒催化剂具有较高的产氢效率,并探讨了焙烧温度、三乙胺溶液初始浓度等对催化剂光催化活性的影响。     

A novel aminated polymeric adsorbent for removing refractory dissolved organic matter from landfill leachate treatment plant

Refractory dissolved organic matter (DOM) from landfill leachate treatment plant was with high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content. An aminated polymeric adsorbent NDA-8 with tertiary amino groups and sufficient mesopore was synthesized, which exhibited high adsorption capacity to the DOM (raw water after coagulation). Resin NDA-8 performed better in the uptake of the DOM than resin DAX-8 and A100. Electrostatic attraction was considered as the decisive interaction between the adsorbent and adsorbate. Special attention was paid to the correlation between porous structure and adsorption capacity. The mesopore of NDA-8 played a crucial role during uptake of the DOM. In general, resin in chloride form performed a higher removal rate of DOC. According to the column adsorption test, total adsorption capacity of NDA-8 was calculated to 52.28 mg DOC/mL wet resin. 0.2 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution could regenerate the adsorbent efficiently.     

Analysis of diffusion-adsorption equivalency of landfill liner systems for organic contaminants

The equivalence between multilayered barriers regarding diffusion and adsorption is analyzed by means of an analytical method. The bottom boundary of the liner system is defined by assuming concentration continuous and flux continuous conditions of the contaminant between the bottom liner layer and the underlying soil. Five different liner systems were compared in terms of solute breakthrough time. The results of the analysis show that breakthrough time of the hydrophobic organic compounds for a 2-meter-thick compacted clay liner (CCL) can be 3-4 orders of magnitude greater than the breakthrough time for a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) composite liner. The GM/GCL and GM/CCL composite liner systems provide a better diffusion barrier for the hydrophilic organic compounds than that for the hydrophobic compounds due to their different Henry's coefficient. The calculated breakthrough times of the organic contaminants for the Chinese standard liner systems were found to be generally greater than those for the GCL alternatives, for the specific conditions examined. If the distribution coefficient increases to 2.8 for the hydrophobic compounds or 1.0 for the hydrophilic compounds, the thickness of the attenuation layer needed to achieve the same breakthrough time as the standard liner systems can be reduced by a factor of about 1.9-2.4. As far as diffusive and adsorption contaminant transport are concerned, GM or GCL is less effective than CCL.     

好消息

5月4日至8日,在瑞士日内瓦举行的《关于持久性有机物的斯德哥尔摩公约》部长级会议上,包括林丹、六六六在内的九种仍然广泛应用于各种杀虫剂和阻燃剂的化学品被列为“持久性有机污染物”（POPs）,将被禁止生产。会议的另一个重要议题是关注如何支持发展中国家清除DDT,并且评估那些需要使用DDT来杀灭可以引起致命疟疾害虫的国家是否能够继续使用这一致命的化学品,并寻求形成一个商业计划来推广为对人类健康和环境更为安全的DDT替代品。     

低碳经济在中国任重道远

在6月19日举行的亚太低碳经济论坛2009中国峰会上,国家发改委副主任解振华及多位专家学者共同表示,能源和环境问题已成为制约中国经济快速发展的瓶颈,节能减排和低碳发展将是中国未来发展的必然选择。     

中国低碳之路怎么走？

低碳经济是指最大限度地减少煤炭和石油等高碳能源消耗的经济,是以低能耗低污染为基础的经济,包括低碳生产和低碳消费两个层面,目的是建设一个良性的可持续的能源生态体系。低碳经济可以通过提高能源效率、节约能源、发展和利用可再生能源、减少传统化石能源的使用,增加风能、光能、原子能的使用等方式来实现。     

包埋类脂的吸附剂制备及吸附POPs性能

用丙酮作溶剂将三油酸甘油酯分散到醋酸纤维(CA)基体中,采用悬浮聚合的方法制备出了一种兼具亲水性,又能高倍富集持久性有机污染物的球形复合吸附剂。通过对分散剂的种类及其用量、悬浮介质的种类及其用量的研究,获得了球形复合吸附剂的最佳合成路线与工艺.球形吸附剂粒径为1～2mm。通过荧光分析和电镜扫描分析,表明三油酸甘油酯已被包埋到醋酸纤维基体中,并得到了均匀分散。采用七氯、狄氏剂、异狄氏剂、灭蚁灵为代表性的持久性有机污染物(POPs)。动力学吸附实验表明,当初始浓度为1μg/L时,在快速吸附阶段,溶液中80%的氯、狄氏剂、异狄氏剂可得到有效去除,但并没有达到吸附平衡。快速吸附完后,还在持续地进行慢速吸附。而对于灭蚁灵,吸附速度远远低于其他几种POPs。实验证明了吸附速度不仅与辛醇/水系数有关,而且还与有机污染物的分子结构有关。     

有机毒害物急性毒性与藻红外辐射变化研究

基于微生物检测毒害物质的重要性和选材困难对其检测技术发展的制约,开展了有机毒害物急性毒性与藻红外辐射变化研究。试验使用便携式红外测温仪测试一定量藻液中分别加入不同种有机药剂前后的温度变化。结果表明,8种藻对10种有机毒害物毒性可产生红外辐射变化的快速响应,平均最大温差的平均值为0.15℃,平均响应时间为4.4min;羊角月牙藻最大响应温差为0.27℃,响应相对明显,为8种藻中的毒性响应敏感藻。不同浓度有机药剂分别与敏感藻进行试验,明确敏感藻可检测出的最低药剂浓度,结果表明:同类毒害物质的响应灵敏度与发光细菌相同。