农村遭遇面源污染危机

臭气肆虐,垃圾乱飞,已经成为部分农村的常见现象."城里人富了,产生的垃圾都运到了村子里,农村变得越来越脏".其实,这种观点只关注了一种污染现象.随着农村经济发展,更为严重的面源污染也在威胁农村,后者的破坏面可能更大.     

NBIAS中污泥龄对脱氮除磷效果的影响

探讨无回流间歇曝气系统 (简称 NBIAS) ,处理城市污水的污泥龄 ( SRT)对脱氮除磷及有机物去除效果的影响。通过原污水流程试验和人工合成污水静态模拟实验 ,试验结果表明 :在水温为 2 0℃～ 30℃ ,污泥负荷为 0 .2 5～0 .45kg CODcr/ kg MLSS· d,SRT为 1 8～ 2 2 d,HRT为 8～ 1 0 h时 ,利用原污水作为碳源 ,NBIAS在保持较高的 CODcr去除率的同时 ,总氮和总磷的去除率均在 80 %以上。     

Removal of high concentrated ammonia nitrogen from landfill leachate by landfilled waste layer

The landfill of municipal solid waste(MSW) could be regarded as denitrification reactor and involved in ammonia nitrogen biological removal process. In this research, the process was applied to municipal solid waste collected in Shanghai, China, which was characterized by high food waste content. The NH4^ removal efficiency in the system of SBR nitrifying reactor followed by fresh and matured landfilled waste layer in series was studied. In the nitrifying reactor, above 90% of NH4^ in leachate was oxidized to NO2^- and NO3^- . Then high concentrated NO2^- and NO3^- were removed in the way of denitrification process in fresh landfilled waste layer. At the same time, degradation of fresh landfilled waste was accelerated. Up to the day 120, 136.5 gC/(kg dry waste) and 17.9 gN/(kg dry waste) were converted from waste layer. It accounted for 50.15 % and 86.89 % of the total carbon and nitrogen content of preliminary fresh waste, which was 4.42 times and 5.17 times higher than that of reference column respectively. After filtering through matured landfilled waste, BOD5 concentration in leachate dropped to below 100 mg/L, which would not affect following nitrification adversely. Because the matured landfilled waste acted as a well methanogenic reactor, 23% of carbon produced accumulatively from fresh landfilled waste degradation was converted into CH4.     

面源污染研究方法的探讨

面源污染是造成江河水体污染的主要来源之一。随着点源逐步受到控制和治理，面源污染日益突出。本文根据文献资料，着重介绍面源污染监测计划的设计和应用地理信息系统确认面源污染的关键地区及其方法。     

杭州市大气NOx来源及控制对策研究

采用定常高斯模式和Thlong程序建立NOx污染源强与大气NOx浓度间定量响应数值模型,计算了点源、面源和流动源等各类污染源对杭州市区各关心点NOx的平均贡献率,分别约为17%,17%和66%,其中市区机动车尾气贡献率高达50%左右,是首先要控制的污染源.同时提出NOx排放削减方案及实施后大气NOx质量改善状况,为环保管理部门削减NOx污染源提出供决策参考.     

水资源与水质科学技术

水资源与水质科学技术水资源的短缺与污染已成为我国当前经济与生活持续发展提高中的重大问题．水量和水质是此难题中相互关联的两个方面，水质污染会减少有效水量，水质转化又可以维护和增加可用水量，在水量为自然条件所限定而难以扩大时，水质就成为寻求水资源的重要途...     

大辽河口水体污染卫星遥感监测示范研究

选择大辽河口，从污染水体的波谱特性测量入手，采用卫星，地面、水体同步监测的方法，对污染河段研究主要污染物的污染程度与波谱特性间的定性，定量关系的基础上，探索了水体污染卫星遥感监测中的技术关键，进行污染水体卫星遥感监测，地面水体光谱特性测量和水分分析的示范试验研究，进而结合应用需求，开展宏观，快速的水体污染卫星遥感监测示范研究。     

兴济河污水处理厂水源水质质量评价

本文通过监测兴济河水域的水质资料，利用内梅罗(N．L．Nemerow)污染指数，确定水域的污染程度。     

扎龙自然保护区水环境质量现状评价

简要介绍了扎龙自然保护区的概况和水环境质量现状,在实际监测的基础上采用地表水综合污染指数对该保护区的水环境质量进行了现状评价,分析了污染原因,提出初步的建议,对扎龙自然保护区的水环境质量管理和污染防治提供了科学依据。