Impacts of soil organic matter, pH and exogenous copper on sorption behavior of norfloxacin in three soils

Norfloxacin (Nor) sorption and the factors (soil organic matter (SOM), pH, and exogenous copper (Cu) influencing the sorption were investigated in a black soil (soil B), a fluvo-aquic soil (soil F), and a red soil (soil R). With increasing of Nor concentrations, sorption amount of norfloxacin increased in both the bulk soils and their SOM-removed soils, but the sorption capacity in SOM-removed soils was higher than that of their corresponding bulk soils, indicating that the process of norfloxacin sorption in soil was influenced by the soil properties including SOM. The sorption data in all bulk soils and SOM-removed soils were fitted to Freundlich and Langmuir models. The correlation coefficients suggested that the experimental data fitted better to Freundlich equation than to Langmuir equation. Furthermore, the data from soil F and SOM-removed F could not be described by Langmuir equation. The norfloxacin sorption amount decreased in soil B and soil F, whereas it increased in soil R as solution pH increased. The maximum KD and KOC were achieved in soil R when the equilibrium solution pH was 6. And the norfloxacin sorption was also influenced by the exogenous Cu2+ ions, which depended on the soil types and Cu2+ concentrations. With increasing of Cu2+ concentrations in solution, generally, sorption amount, KD and KOC for norfloxacin in soils increased and were up to a peak at 100 mg/L Cu2+, and then the sorption amount decreased regardless of norfloxacin levels.     

基于空位溶液与DA理论的多组分气体吸附方法及验证*

为准确预测煤层气中多组分气体的吸附性能,将空位溶液与Dubinbin-Astakhov（DA）理论相结合,提出1种适用于煤层气吸附系统的多组分混合吸附模型。在模型中,吸附体系被视为气体与假设的“空位溶质”的多元混合物,吸附体系视为气相和吸附相空位溶质之间的平衡。结果表明:根据单组分气体吸附等温线,采用D-A方程计算分析了生成二元（吸附质+空位）混合物中纯组分气体的活度系数,并优化吸附参数;模型能够根据在单一温度下收集的纯组分吸附数据预测不同温度下的多组分气体吸附;模型计算结果与实测结果吻合良好,误差在10%以内,充分说明模型是切实可靠的。     

Biosorption of cesium（Ⅰ） from aqueous solution by a novel exopolymers secreted from Pseudomonas fluorescens C-2： Equilibrium and kinetic studies

The biosorption characteristics of Cs(I) ions from aqueous solution using exopolymers (PFC02) produced from Pseudomonas fluorescens C-2 were investigated as a function of pH, biosorbent dosage, contact time and initial concentration. pH played a major role in the adsorption process, and the optimum pH for the removal of Cs(I) was 8.0. Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) models were applied to describe the biosorption isotherm of the Cs(I) ions by PFC02. The Lagergren first-order, pseudo second-order kinetic and intraparticle diffusion models were used to test the kinetic data. Langmuir model and D-R model fitted the equilibrium data better than the Freundlich isotherm. The monolayer adsorption capacities of PFC02 as obtained from Langmuir isotherm at 25°C was found to be 32.63 mg/g. From the D-R isotherm model, the mean free energy was calculated as 26.73 kJ/mol, indicating that the biosorption of cesium was chemisorption. The biosorption process was rapid, and the kinetic rates were best fitted to the pseudo second-order model, which indicated the biosorption process operated through chemisorption mechanism. FT-IR analysis of PFC02 showed the possible functional groups responsible for cesium adsorption were hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl and sulphonate groups. SEM analysis showed the porous structure of the material while EDX analysis confirmed the adsorption of Cs(I) on PFC02. Cesium adsorbed onto the PFC02 could be desorbed efficiently using 1 mol/L HNO3, and the enrichment factor was 50.0. Furthermore, PFC02 could be reused five times with only about 8.25% regeneration loss. The developed method was successfully utilized for the removal of Cs(I) ions from aqueous solution.     

Material conversion from paper sludge ash in NaOH solution to synthesize adsorbent for removal of Pb^2＋, NH^4＋ and PO4^3- from aqueous solution

Material conversion from paper sludge ash (PSA) in NaOH solution was attempted to synthesize the adsorbent for removal of inorganic pollutants, such as Pb2+, NH4 + and PO4 3?? from aqueous solution. PSA of 0.5 g was added into 10 mL of 3 mol/L NaOH solution, and then heated at 80, 120, and 160°C for 6–48 hr to obtain the product. PSA mainly composed of two crystalline phases, gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7) and anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8), and amorphous phase. Hydroxysodalite (Na6Al6Si6O24 8H2O) was formed at 80°C, and anorthite dissolved, whereas gehlenite remained una ected. Katoite (Ca3Al2SiO4(OH)8) was formed over 120°C, and hydroxycancrinite (Na8(OH)2Al6Si6O24 2H2O) was formed at 160°C, due to the dissolution of both gehlenite and anorthite. Specific surface areas of the products were almost same and were higher than that of raw ash. Cation exchange capacities (CECs) of the products were also higher than that of raw ash, and CEC obtained at lower temperature was higher. Removal abilities of products for Pb2+, NH4 +, and PO4 3?? were higher than that of raw ash.With increasing reaction temperature, the removal e ciencies of Pb2+ and NH4 + decreased due to the decrease of CEC of the product, while removal e ciency for PO4 3?? was almost same. The concentrations of Si and Al in the solution and the crystalline phases in the solid during the reaction explain the formation of the product phases at each temperature.     

恒能量同步荧光光谱法测定水体中多环芳烃

建立了胶束溶液中多环芳烃混合物同时测定的恒能量同步荧光分析法,方法简便快速,无需对混合物进行分离,就可实现11种组分的同时鉴别和定量测定,方法的检出限在1.3×10-11～4×10-9g/mL,标准偏差为1.03～1.73,方法应用于分析河水样、污水样中的多环芳烃的效果良好,回收率分别为77.88%～120.13%、6...     

煤尘粒径对表面活性剂复配溶液润湿性的影响研究

为明确煤尘粒径对表面活性剂复配溶液润湿能力的影响,以径长范围为小于74、74～104、104～147μm的3种红柳煤样为研究对象,开展沉降试验。选取十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物磺酸盐(FMES)、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES)、异辛醇聚氧乙烯醚(JFC)和辛癸基葡糖苷(APG)5种表面活性剂,将其以质量比1∶1两两复配成10种复配组合,分别对单体和复配溶液作沉降试验,探究不同粒径煤尘在复配溶液和组成它们的表面活性剂单体溶液中的沉降速度变化特征。结果表明：煤尘粒径不会影响表面活性剂之间的协同润湿作用,但会影响表面活性剂之间的协同润湿程度;不同复配组合之间的润湿能力强弱不因煤尘粒径改变而变化;相较小粒径煤尘,复配溶液质量分数提高对大粒径煤尘润湿能力的提升更为明显;SDS与JFC复配组合对不同粒径煤尘均有很好的润湿效果,通过表面活性剂处理前后煤样的红外光谱分析推测,SDS与JFC能够协同提高煤尘的润湿性。     

碳酸钾-三乙烯四胺复合溶液吸收模拟烟气中CO_2试验研究

本菲尔溶液在工业脱除二氧化碳中已获得较广泛的应用,但存在吸收速率差、再生负荷高等缺点。开发新型复合溶液成为目前研究热点。采用搅拌实验装置,研究不同配比的碳酸钾-TETA复合溶液对烟道气中二氧化碳的吸收和解吸性能,揭示了吸收速率、吸收容量与酸碱度、时间之间的内在联系,并对CO2从复合溶液中初始逸出温度、溶液再生温度、溶液再生率、再生前后溶液pH下降率进行了细致记录分析。实验结果表明:碳酸钾-TETA复合溶液配比为0.6∶0.4时吸收效果最佳,吸收量约为0.914mol/L;同时再生温度最低,为106℃;再生率最高,为96.7%。与相同配比的碳酸钾-MEA(一乙醇胺)、碳酸钾-DEA(二乙醇胺)、碳酸钾-DETA(二乙烯三胺)复合溶液相比具有一定再生优势。实验结果还表明碳酸钾-TETA复合体系之间存在正交互作用。     

双氧水敏化二氧化钛的制备及表征

利用超声分散法,以钛酸丁酯为主要原料,以双氧水为敏化剂,无水乙醇作为溶剂,冰醋酸作为抑制剂,制备双氧水敏化的二氧化钛粉体。并通过X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)对产品进行表征。同时研究不同影响因素对甲基橙去除率的影响。实验结果显示,当焙烧温度为550℃,H2O2浓度为0.3%,催化剂投加量为0.5 g/L时,可制备出降解甲基橙溶液效果较好的二氧化钛。     

X80钢在库尔勒和高pH值土壤模拟溶液中的腐蚀行为

通过浸泡质量损失法、动电位极化和交流阻抗等方法研究了X80管线钢在库尔勒和高pH值（0.5mol/L Na2CO3＋1 mol/L NaHCO3）土壤模拟溶液中的腐蚀行为,并对宏观腐蚀形貌进行了观察,采用X-射线衍射仪测试了腐蚀产物膜的组成。结果表明,X80管线钢在高pH值土壤模拟溶液中腐蚀很轻微,而在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中则发生了严重的腐蚀,其腐蚀速率约是高pH值土壤模拟溶液中的3倍。这主要是因为X80管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中表现出活性溶解状态,形成的腐蚀产物膜疏松、易脱落,保护性很差;在高pH值土壤模拟溶液中则很容易钝化,形成的碳酸亚铁腐蚀产物膜具有一定的阻隔效应,产生了明显的保护作用,腐蚀速率因此很低。     

浅谈污水处理过程中配制聚合物溶液粘度研究

45℃反应30 d内,120 mg/L稳定剂稳定处理后中十二站污水和未经处理的北1-J3-P49井口采出污水配制的聚合物溶液的粘度保留率89.2～107%,并随反应时间的延长粘度保留率值有增高的趋势。添加120 mg/L稳定剂聚驱具有代表性北1-Ⅱ污水站污水配制的1200 mg/L聚合物溶液,5～1000 S-1上、下行剪切速率条件下的抗剪切性能优于污水直接的聚合物溶液,且随反应时间的延长,添加稳定剂污水配制的聚合物溶液抗剪切性能相对污水直接配制的聚合物溶液更加显著,稳定剂稳定聚合物溶液效果良好。仅添加120 mg/L稳定剂污水配制的聚合物溶液,30 d的粘度保留率89.2～107%,稳定剂稳定污水配制聚合物溶液的效果良好,且5～1000 S-1上、下行剪切速率条件下的抗剪切性优于污水直接的聚合物溶液,可以推测添加稳定剂污水配制的聚合物溶液的实际调驱效果好于污水直接配制的聚合物驱替液。