Fe2O3 particles as superior catalysts for low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3

Fe203 particle catalysts were experimentally studied in the low temperature selective catalytic reduction （SCR） of NO with NH3. The effects of reaction temperature, oxygen concentration, [NH3]/[NO] molar ratio and residence time on SCR activity were studied. It was found that Fe203 catalysts had high activity for the SCR of NO with NH3 in a broad temperature range of 150-270℃, and more than 95% NO conversion was obtained at 180℃ when the molar ratio [NH3]/[NO] = 1, the residence time was 0.48 seconds and 02 volume fraction was 3%. In addition, the effect of SO2 on SCR catalytic activity was also investigated at the temperature of 180℃. The results showed that deactivation of the Fe2O3 particles occurred due to the presence of SO2 and the NO conversion decreased from 99.2% to 58% in 240 min, since SO2 gradually decreased the catalytic activity of the catalysts. In addition, X-ray diffraction, Thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the fresh and deactivated Fe2O3 catalysts. The results showed that the deactivation caused by SO2 was due to the formation of metal sulfates and ammonium sulfates on the catalyst surface during the de-NO reaction, which could cause pore plugging and result in suppression of the catalytic activity.     

Photocatalytic activity of TiO2 containing anatase nanoparticles and rutile nanoflower structure consisting of nanorods

A series of TiO2 with different crystal phases and morphologies was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal process using titanium nbutoxide and concentrated hydrochloric acid as raw materials. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by degradation of Methyl Orange in aqueous solution under UV-Visible light irradiation. On the basis of detailed analysis of the characterizing results of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurement, it was concluded that the photo-activity of the catalyst is related directly to the 3D morphology and the crystal phase composition. An excellent catalyst should have both a futile 3D flower-like structure and anatase granulous particles. The 3D flower-like structure could enhance light harvesting, as well as the transfer of reactant molecules from bulk solution to the reactive sites on TiO2. In addition, the optimum anatase/rutile phase ratio was found to be 80：20, which is beneficial to the effective separation of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs.     

Iron and lead ion adsorption by microbial flocculants in synthetic wastewater and their related carbonate formation

Although microbial treatments of heavy metal ions in wastewater have been studied, the removal of these metals through incorporation into carbonate minerals has rarely been reported. To investigate the removal of Fe^3＋ and Pb^2＋, two representative metals in wastewater, through the precipitation of carbonate minerals by a microbial flocculant （MBF） produced by Bacillus mucilaginosus. MBF was added to synthetic wastewater containing different Fe^3＋ and Pb^2＋ concentrations, and the extent of flocculation was analyzed. CO2 was bubbled into the mixture of MBF and Fe^3＋/Pb^2＋ to initiate the reaction. The solid substrates were analyzed via X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results showed that the removal efficiency decreased and the MBF adsorption capacity for metals increased with increasing heavy metal concentration. In the system containing MBF, metals （Fe^3＋ and Pb^2＋）, and CO2, the concentrated metals adsorbed onto the MBF combined with the dissolved CO2, resulting in oversaturation of metal carbonate minerals to form iron carbonate and lead carbonates. These results may be used in designing a method in which microbes can be utilized to combine CO2 with wastewater heavy metals to form carbonates, with the aim of mitigating environmental problems.     

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of quantum-dot-sensitized one-dimensionally-ordered ZnO nanorod photocatalyst

An efficient photocatalyst was fabricated by assembling quantum dots （QDs） onto one-dimensionally-ordered ZnO nanorods, and the photocatalytic properties for Methyl Orange degradation were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence. The results indicate that the catalyst with assembled QDs is more favorable for the degradation than the pristine ZnO nanorods. The QDs with core-shell structure lower the photocatalytic ability due to the higher carder transport barrier of the ZnS shell layer. Besides its degradation efficiency, the photocatalyst has several advantages given that the one-dimensionally-ordered ZnO nanorods have been grown directly on indium tin oxide substrates. The article provides a new method to design an effective and easily recyclable photocatalyst.     

磁性纳米Fe_3O_4对毒死蜱的增效和催化降解研究

应用溶剂热法制备了磁性纳米Fe3O4(NMFO),并用聚乙二醇-6000对其进行改性,使纳米Fe3O4表面由亲水性转变为亲脂性,从而实现与亲脂性毒死蜱的复合。纳米Fe3O4的加入使毒死蜱的生物活性明显提高。室内毒力试验结果表明:含0.2%纳米Fe3O4的Fe3O4/毒死蜱制剂的毒力在室内和紫外光照下分别是同浓度纯毒死蜱的3.84倍和4.17倍;其降解率也显著提高,纳米Fe3O4/毒死蜱制剂在太阳光照下放置10 d,其降解率可达93.2%,相同条件下纯毒死蜱的降解率是10.14%,而将添加或未添加纳米Fe3O4的毒死蜱于暗处放置相同的时间,其降解率分别为1.21%和0.23%。     

人造沸石负载纳米氧化镁同步脱氮除磷的研究

氮、磷是引发水体富营养化的限制性因素,控制水体中的氮、磷总量可以有效抑制水体富营养化的产生。以人造沸石为研究对象,探究不同改性方法对人造沸石同步去除水中氮、磷的影响。主要工艺为高温碱(NaOH)浸改善沸石结构,高温盐浸(MgCl)负载纳米态氧化镁。结果表明改性的最佳条件为:两阶段的烘干温度45℃;NaOH溶2+3-液浓度0.5 mol/L;MgCl溶液的浓度1 mol/L。对NH-N和PO的去除效率分别可达到83.76%和74.24%。对人造沸石2 4 4的热稳定性进行了实验,其烧失量达40.6%。最后,对吸附饱和的人造沸石进行脱附实验,脱附剂的选择为NaCl、KCl以及+3-两者的混合液。NaCl对NH4+-N和PO43-都有较为明显的脱附效果,脱附率分别可达84.54%和59.35%。     

纳米氢氧化钛及焙烧产物对磷酸根的吸附特性研究

以纳米氢氧化钛(NTH)作为吸附水溶液中磷酸根的吸附剂,考察了NTH不同焙烧温度下的分子式及其对PO4吸附效果的影响。选择PO4初始浓度为50mg/L,通过正交试验确定在pH=2、吸附剂用量为0.1g、吸附时间3-3-为40min、温度25℃时,NTH吸附效果达到最佳,吸附量为55.5mg/g,经200、300、400及500℃焙烧后的NTH对磷酸根的吸附量逐渐减小;吸附量分别为49.4、40.6、25.5及16.8mg/g;NTH经800℃焙烧后,焙烧产物TiO2不具有吸附性。TG、XRD分析表明随着焙烧温度的升高,NTH的表面活性基团(-OH)数量逐渐减少。结果表明,吸附剂的吸附性与吸附剂表面羟基的数量有直接关系。     

一种新复合型絮凝剂的制备与混凝应用研究

利用煤矿开采后产生的固体废弃物煤矸石制备一种新复合型絮凝剂聚合氯化铝铁钙(PAFCC)。制备工艺中溶出反应最优化条件为煅烧温度750℃,保温2h;盐酸的酸溶反应时间为3h,酸溶反应中盐酸的用量为0.70g/g;碱化聚合反应的最佳工艺条件:反应温度为60℃,pH值为3.7,反应时间为30min;以高岭土废水水样为处理对象,煤矸石制备的聚合氯化铝铁钙絮凝剂废水浊度去除率高于工业聚合氯化铝PAC的浊度去除率。     

大型垃圾焚烧发电厂燃烧控制策略

城市化进程的加快,致使城市固体废弃物的产生也日益增长。因此,对固体废弃物的处理成了城市工作中的一大难题。对于垃圾的处理传统的焚烧和填埋不仅污染了环境而且占用了城市大量土地资源。面对这种情况,我们应该采用先进的垃圾焚烧发电技术,对垃圾进行无害处理以及实现资源的再次利用。本文介绍了垃圾焚烧炉的焚烧过程,并说明了循环硫化床锅炉以及其燃烧的特点,从而提出相应的燃烧控制策略。     

活性炭/纳米零价铁复合吸附剂的制备及对砷的去除应用

纳米零价铁在重金属去除领域应用前景广阔。为了大批量、低成本地制备纳米零价铁,本文采用电化学还原法在粒状活性炭表面电沉积纳米零价铁,通过X射线衍射分析对产物的结构进行了表征,并初步探讨了制备的纳米零价铁/活性炭复合吸附剂对模拟地下水中As(III)的去除效果。结果表明,通过自行设计的电沉积装置,成功地在颗粒活性炭上沉积了纳米零价铁颗粒。制备的活性炭/纳米零价铁复合吸附剂对模拟地下水中As(III)的去除效果良好。电化学沉积法制备纳米零价铁,技术可行,成本低廉,在重金属去除领域具有较大的应用潜力。