四川土法炼磺对生态环境危害的初探

土法炼磺是“三废”排放量特别大和对生态环境危害异常严重的产业,在我国的分布较为广泛,散布于10余个省区,但四川是其主要生产之地。尽管土法炼磺的严重生态环境破坏己引起人民广泛关注,已屡见报端,但其具体的专门研究报道却不多见。在中国科学院资助下,我们于1987年对四川土法炼磺的主要地区进行了调查研究,采集水、土壤、植物样品进行有关项目的分析测定。本文根据实地调查资料和观察结果,着重对四川土法炼磺对生态环境危害状况及其特征作初步讨论。其它方面内容的研究结果拟另文报道。     

硫磺对礼花弹花型调控作用及其安全用量探究

硫磺对礼花弹的成型、开盘面积的安全性具有重要影响。采用调整硫磺在礼花弹开球药中的比例,以及分析硫磺的物理化学性能来探讨硫磺在整个开球药中的作用机理。实验结果表明,硫磺在开球药中起着特殊"热点"的作用,作用机理主要是表面反应机理与混合反应机理的共同作用。当硫磺比例在15%-20%的安全用量范围内时,随着硫磺的增多开球药特殊"热点"不断增多,此时开球后花形更加趋于球形,开盘面积也足够大。     

从低含硫尾渣中回收元素硫的研究

以硫酸烧渣强化酸浸提铁后的低含硫尾渣为原料,对硫化铵溶硫—热分解析硫的硫磺回收工艺进行了优化研究。分析了硫化铵浓度、液固比、溶解温度、溶解时间、热分解温度、分解时间对硫磺提取效果的影响。结果表明:硫化铵浓度1.17 mol/L,液固比10 mL/g,在25℃下振荡溶解5 min,100℃下热分解120 min,硫的溶浸率和析出率可分别达到97%和99%以上。此优化既可有效减少尾渣对环境的污染,又能实现资源再利用。     

浅谈硫磺联合装置危险作业的安全管理

中国石化沧州分公司的硫磺联合装置包括60汕污水汽提、200t／h溶剂再生、20000t／a硫磺、干式气柜4套装置,来自上游装置的含硫污水经脱气、除油后进入汽提塔,塔顶含氨酸性气到硫磺制硫装置,塔底净化水到常压、水厂回用。各装置来的含硫溶剂（富液）经过滤后闪蒸脱烃,再进入再生塔,塔顶酸性气到硫磺制硫装置,塔底贫液去各装置回用。污水汽提和溶剂再生来的混合酸性气在制硫装置中生成工业用硫磺回用。     

Sulfur cycle in the typical meadow Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland ecosystem in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China

The sulfur cycle and its compartmental distribution within an atmosphere-plant-soil system was studied using a compartment model in the typical meadow Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland in the Sanjiang Plain Northeast China. The results showed that in the typical meadow C. angustifolia wetland ecosystem, soil was the main storage compartment and current hinge of sulfur in which 98.4% sulfur was accumulated, while only 1.6% sulfur was accumulated in the plant compartment. In the plant subsystem, roots and litters were the main storage compartment of sulfur and they remained 83.5% of the total plant sulfur. The calculations of sulfur turnover through the compartments of the typical meadow C. angustifolia wetland ecosystem demonstrated that the above-ground component took up 0.99 gS/m2 from the root, of which 0.16 gS/m2 was translocated to the roots and 0.83 gS/m2 to the litter. The roots took in 1.05 gS/m2 from the soil, subsequent translocation back to the soil accounted for 1.31 gS/m2, while there was 1.84 gS/m2 in the litter and the net transfer of sulfur to the soil was more than 0.44 gS/(m2·a). The emission of H2S from the typical meadow C. angustifolia wetland ecosystem to the atmosphere was 1.83 mgS/(m2·a), while carbonyl sulfide (COS) was absorbed by the typical meadow C. angustifolia wetland ecosystem from the atmosphere at the rate of 1.76 mgS/(m2·a). The input of sulfur by the rainfall to the ecosystem was 4.85 mgS/m2 during the growing season. The difference between input and output was 4.78 mgS/m2, which indicated that sulfur was accumulated in the ecosystem and may cause wetland acidify in the future.     

硫磺安全仓储关键技术

介绍了硫磺火灾爆炸机理,并对硫磺仓储系统的危险性进行了分析。结合相关实验数据,提出了仓库设计、工艺运行、事故预防中的安全措施,以保证硫磺散装系统能够安全、长周期平稳运行。     

基于硫循环的烟气生化脱硫及硫磺回收的过程机理

以元素硫的地球化学循环为指导,系统研究硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）生化代谢产物还原性硫化物与亚硫酸根的反应过程机理及产物形态.结果表明,在生化烟气脱硫及硫回收反应体系中,pH=（4.04±0.10）、ORP=（-134±17mV）时硫磺产量最大,硫磺产率大于40%;SO₂（aq）-S^2-（aq）体系证明pH=（3.99±0.21）、ORP=（-159±40）mV、SO₃^2-/ΣS^2-物质的量比约1：1时为产硫磺最佳条件区间;S₂O₃^2-与S^2-的产硫磺反应为副反应,有利于硫磺的产生;近中性条件下硫磺的消耗归因于产多硫化物和连多硫酸盐反应的进行;SO₂（aq）-S^2-（aq）体系和生化体系的固体产物表征分析为球状高纯斜方硫,生化体系产生的硫磺被胞外多聚物粘附裹挟.