碳责任账户的目标原则、分配逻辑与框架构建：账户建立

随着全球环境问题日趋严重,企业和消费者日益认识到减缓气候变化的紧迫性。作为经济活动的主要参与者,减少温室气体排放已经成为任何单个企业及其供应链的巨大挑战。供应链的所有参与者都需要为气候减缓做出努力。现有的碳排放责任核算大多从企业的生产方面入手。最终消费者作为供应链的重要参与者,是所有生产者的最终服务对象,同样具有不可忽视的碳减排作用以及应承担的碳减排责任。本文提出以产品为导向,考虑产品生产过程中的直接碳排放和间接碳排放,建立产品碳排放基准值,对基于供应链的所有参与主体进行责任分配,进而建立基于供应链的碳责任账户。本文构建的责任体系框架具有更广泛、更有前景的应用潜力。     

碳标签对低碳购买意愿的作用路径研究——基于亲社会行为调节的中介效应

降低消费阶段的碳排放量对实现国家“双碳”战略目标具有重要意义。在此背景下,本研究从碳标签出发,引入“亲社会行为”这一变量,提出研究假设并构建了消费者低碳购买意愿的模型,利用调查问卷和结构方程模型进行数据分析,探究碳标签对消费者低碳购买意愿的影响,并分析亲社会行为在其中的调节作用。研究结果显示,碳标签认知、碳标签宣传均直接影响消费者的低碳购买意愿,碳标签公信力对低碳购买意愿没有直接影响;感知价值和购买态度在碳标签相关因素与低碳购买意愿之间起到完全或部分中介作用;亲社会行为在感知价值和购买态度对低碳购买意愿产生中介效应的链路上具有调节作用。基于研究结果,本文从提高消费者碳标签的认知水平、增强碳标签的宣传效果、提升碳标签的公信力、倡导亲社会的低碳行为等方面提出对策建议,以期通过政府、企业和消费者的多方努力,促进消费者积极参与低碳消费,实现消费领域的低碳变革。     

Partitioning of water soluble organic carbon in three sediment size fractions： Effect of the humic substances

Water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in sediments plays an important role in transference and transformation of aquatic pollutants. This article investigated the inherent mechanisms of how sediemnt grain size affect the partitioning coeffcient (k) of WSOC. Influences of NaOH extracted humic substances were particularly focused on. Sediments were sampled from two cross-sections of the middle Yellow River and sieved into three size fractions (< 63 μm, 63-100 μm, and 100--300 μm). The total concentration of WSOC in sediments (CWSOC) and k were estimated using multiple water-sediment ratio experiments. Results show that CWSOC ranges from 0.012 to 0.022 mg/g, while k ranges from 0.8 to 3.9 L/kg. Correlations between the spectrum characteristics of NaOH extracted humic substances and k were analyzed. Strong positive correlations are determined between k and the aromaticity indicators of NaOH extracted humic substances in different sediment size fractions. Comparing with finer fractions (< 63 μm), k is higher in larger size fractions (63--100 and 100--300 μm) related to higher aromaticity degree of NaOH extracted humic substances mostly. While negative relationship between k and the area ratio of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) at 3400 and 1430 cm-1 implied that the lowest k was related to the highest concentration of the acidic humic groups in particles < 63 μm. WSOC in finer fractions (< 63 μm) is likely to enter into pore water, which may further accelerate the transportation of aquatic contaminants from sediment to water.     

A novel aminated polymeric adsorbent for removing refractory dissolvedorganic matter from landfill leachate treatment plant

Refractory dissolved organic matter (DOM) from landfill leachate treatment plant was with high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content. An aminated polymeric adsorbent NDA-8 with tertiary amino groups and sufficient mesopore was synthesized, which exhibited high adsorption capacity to the DOM (raw water after coagulation). Resin NDA-8 performed better in the uptake of the DOM than resin DAX-8 and A100. Electrostatic attraction was considered as the decisive interaction between the adsorbent and adsorbate. Special attention was paid to the correlation between porous structure and adsorption capacity. The mesopore of NDA-8 played a crucial role during uptake of the DOM. In general, resin in chloride form performed a higher removal rate of DOC. According to the column adsorption test, total adsorption capacity of NDA-8 was calculated to 52.28 mg DOC/mL wet resin. 0.2 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution could regenerate the adsorbent efficiently.     

Influences of working pressure on properties for TiO2 films deposited by DCpulse magnetron sputtering

TiO2 films were deposited at room temperature by DC pulse magnetron sputtering system.The crystalline structures,morphological features and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 films were systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD),atomic force microscopy and ultraviolet spectrophotometer,respectively.The results indicated that the working pressure was the key deposition parameters influencing the TiO2 film phase composition at room temperature,which directly affected its photocatalytic activity.With increasing the working pressure,the target self-bias decreases monotonously.Therefore,low temperature TiO2 phase (anatase) could be deposited with high working pressure.The anatase TiO2 films deposited with 1.4 Pa working pressure displayed the highest photocatalytic activity by decomposition of Methyl Orange solution,which the degradation rate reached the maximum (35%) after irradiation by ultraviolet light for 1 h.     

披着“碳关税”外衣的保护主义

近段时间,“碳关税”在国际上成为热门话题。个别国家热衰制定包含“碳关税”条款的法案,也有国际组织提出“碳关税”可适用于国际贸易规则。对此,中国商务部新闻发言人姚坚发表谈话指出,中方对此坚决反对。     

黄河不同粒径悬浮物中POC含量及输运特征研究

悬浮物(TSS)粒径与颗粒有机碳(POC)含量关系的研究,是河流POC形态变化及输送过程和输运通量研究的基础.本研究在沉降分级法基础上,结合激光粒度仪粒度测定和多元线性回归分析的数据处理方法,对2005-06-29黄河利津站、2005-09-27黄河口低盐度区以及2006年11月兰州、潼关、花园口各站TSS样品分析发现：黄河TSS中POC与其对应的中值粒径存在良好的负指数关系,POC的极限值为0.56%,普遍低于世界其它河流;黄河不同区段站位TSS性质不同使各样品相同粒级间POC存在明显的差异,黄河口站>花园口站>兰州站>潼关站>利津站,如<8 μm粒级TSS中POC依次是0.661%、 0.627%、 0.550%、 0.505%、 0.493%;黄河各粒级TSS所承载的POC量占样品POC总量的比例在不同区段各样品间极其相近,POC随TSS粒径增大显著递减, 80%以上的POC集中在<16 μm的TSS中,而粒径<32 μm的TSS承载了95%以上的POC.可见虽然黄河自西向东横跨5　000　km之多,落差达4　000　m以上,但POC的输运规律具有一致性,TSS粒径是控制POC输运特性的主要因素.     

长期施肥对红壤稻田耕层土壤碳储量的影响

以红壤性稻田土壤为对象,研究了长期施肥（1990～2006年）对稻田表层土壤碳储量及固碳潜力的影响,讨论了耕层厚度变化对碳储量估算及处理间差异的影响.研究发现,与长期施用化肥相比,有机物的循环利用能显著提高红壤性稻田土壤碳储量,其碳储量为57.7～66.2 t/hm²,比试验前高出18.7～27.2 t/hm²,而长期施用化肥碳储量提高幅度平均为5.4 t/hm².红壤性稻田土壤饱和固碳量为84.0 t/hm²,与目前碳储量相比还有17.8～43.7 t/hm²的固碳潜力.研究证实,土壤碳储量与土壤容重和表层土壤厚度的变化密切相关,以20 cm或23 cm作为统计厚度估算表层土壤的碳储量将分别低估20.6％和11.3％,其中有机物施用处理碳储量低估幅度最大（分别为26.8％和18.9％）;另外,用相同统计厚度进行碳储量估算减小了不同施肥处理间的差异.从稻田土壤碳储量及固碳潜力来考虑,有机物配合化肥施用是红壤稻田较优的施肥方式.     

青藏高原典型高寒草甸区土壤有机碳氮的变异特性

本研究应用地统计学的基本原理与方法(半方差分析)对青藏高原典型高寒草甸区0～10 cm土壤有机碳和全氮空间变异性进行了分析.结果表明,0～10 cm的土壤有机碳和全氮的平均含量分别为11.45 g·kg^-1和1.02 g·kg^-1,平均变异系数分别为0.23和0.21,反映出该植被区土壤肥力较为贫瘠.土壤有机碳和全氮随机因素的变异占总空间异质性变异的比率分别为44.7%和49.9%,变异尺度分别为210.9 m和200.1 m,随机因素的影响主要发生在采样尺度＜10 m的范围之内.在该研究区域上土壤有机碳和全氮均表现出空间自相关因素大于随机因素的变异格局;在空间结构的变异上,由土壤内在属性如土壤矿物质、地形等空间自相关因素和人为因素如放牧及工程施工等对土壤表层的践踏引起的随机因素共同起作用,影响程度呈中等水平.     

猫跳河流域梯级水库夏-秋季节溶解无机碳(DIC)含量及其同位素组成的分布特征

于2007年7月(夏季)、10月(秋季)2次对猫跳河流域河流-水库水体样品进行了采集,分析其水化学组成特征,溶解无机碳(DIC)含量及其同位素组成,研究了猫跳河流域河流-水库的碳元素地球化学行为,目的是阐明梯级水库拦截后河流的碳元素含量和碳同位素(δ13CDIC)组成的分布特征.水体DIC及其同位素(1δ3CDIC)组成的总体特征为:DIC含量夏季低于秋季,夏季DIC含量为1.35~2.84 mmol/L,平均值为2.12 mmol/L,秋季DIC含量为2.03~3.98 mmol/L,平均值为2.67 mmol/L;1δ3CDIC值则相反,夏季较秋季偏正,其1δ3CDIC值流域夏季为-10.3‰~-5.1‰,平均值是-8.6‰,秋季为-13.0‰~-6.9‰,平均值为-9.0‰,表明夏季藻类光合作用优先富集12C,水体富集13C.夏季水库的DIC含量随着深度的加深而增大,而δ13CDIC值则随着深度的加深而偏负,表明表层水体受藻类生物作用影响较大,下层水体主要受有机质的降解影响.DIC含量从上游至下游呈逐渐降低的趋势,而δ13CDIC值从上游至下游呈逐渐偏负的趋势,表明河流受水坝拦截后河流水化学性质发生了改...