内陆城市地区大气细颗粒物中有机碘化物:二次生成机制

大气肉素化学在臭氧分解和碳氢化合物清除中具有重要意义.由于较低的电子亲和力,碘能够持续分解臭氧,直至转化入颗粒相.颗粒相冇机碘化物(0ics)是大气碘的重要储库,可以显著影响大气碘化学;但是目前对颗粒物中Oics分子特征几乎一无所知.     

Eco-toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil

Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) contaminated soil samples were collected from Shengli Oilfield of China. Toxicity analysis was carried out based on earthworm acute toxicity, plant growth experiment and luminescent bacteria test. The soil was contaminated bypetroleum hydrogcarbons with TPH concentration of 10.57%. With lethal and sub-lethal rate as endpoint, earthworm test showed that the LD50 (lethal dose 50%) values in 4 and 7 days were 1.45% and 1.37% respectively, and the inhibition rate of earthworm body weight increased with higher oil concentration. TPH pollution in the soil inhibited seed germination in both wheat and maize experiment when the concentration of petroleum was higher than 0.1%. The EC50 (e ective concentration 50%) for germination is 3.04% and 2.86% in maize and wheat, respectively. While lower value of EC50 for root elongation was to be 1.11% and 1.64% in maize and wheat, respectively, suggesting higher sensitivity of root elongation on petroleum contamination in the soil. The EC50 value in luminescent bacteria test was 0.47% for petroleum in the contaminated soil. From the experiment result, it was concluded that TPH content of 1.5% is considered to be a critical value for plant growth and living of earthworm and 0.5% will a ect the activity of luminescent bacteria.     

还原剂对Ag／Al2O3催化剂上NO还原的影响

在富氧条件下，研究了CH4、C3H8、C3H6、C8H18CH3OH、C2H5OH，以及C3H6与CH30H、C3H6与C2H50H组合作还原剂时，在Ag／Al2O3催化剂上NO的还原活性。结果表明，不同碳氢化合物还原NO的活性温度存在较大的差异。SO2的存在会导致CH，OH还原NO的活性提高，而其他碳氢化合物还原NO的活性降低。随着还原剂浓度提高，NOx转化率增大，不过，过高的还原剂浓度对NO还原不利。组合使用CH，OH与C3H。或C2H，OH与C3H。作为还原剂，能显著拓宽活性温度范围。     

机动车尾气污染与臭氧

臭氧是大气层中不可缺少的物质,在平流层中阻挡太阳紫外线照射,对地球上生物的存在至关重要,但在空气中则对人类及动物、植物的生存环境有较大的危害,而机动车尾气是造成空气中臭氧产生的一个主要来源。     

Petroleum hydrocarbons and their effects on fishery species in the Bohai Sea, North China

Systematic studies on the changes in concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) and their e ects on fishery species in the Bohai Sea during 1974–2004 are presented. Changes in PHs concentrations were closely related to Yellow River runo . Concentrations of PHs accumulated in fish and shrimp increased by about 0.712 mg/kg dry weight when trophic level of fish and shrimps increased by 1. Attention should also be paid to the high PHs concentrations in mollusks along the coastal waters of the Bohai Sea. Average concentration of PHs in the adjacent coastal waters of Tianjin City during 1996–2005 decreased the population growth rates of fish, crustaceans and mollusks in the Bohai Sea by 2.58%, 6.59% and 2.33%, respectively. Therefore, PHs have significantly contributed to the decline in fisheries in the Bohai Sea, and they must be reduced to realize the sustainable fisheries.     

中式餐饮业油烟中非甲烷碳氢化合物排放特征研究

使用挥发性有机物采样标准方法TO-14/15,选择了北京市5家不同菜系、不同营业规模的餐馆,在其营业时段,连续采集油烟中非甲烷碳氢（NMHCs）样品,使用气相色谱质谱联用仪（GC/MS）进行样品分析.研究了4大类72种NMHCs排放浓度和组分组成特点.不同采样餐馆的NMHCs排放浓度存在差异,与菜系类型、规模、上座率、...     

Use of two-surfactants mixtures to attain specific HLB values for assisted TPH-diesel biodegradation

In a surfactant assisted biodegradation process, the choice of surfactant(s) is of crucial importance. The question is: does the type of surfactant(i, e. chemical family) affect the biodegradation process at fixed hidrophillic-lypofillic balance(H/B) values? Microcosm assessments were developed using contaminated soil, with around of 5000 mg/kg of hydrocarbons as TPH-diesel. Mixtures of three nonionic surfactants were employed to get a wide range of specific HLB values. Tween20 and Span20 were mixed in the appropriate proportions to get HLB values between 8.6 and 16.7. Tween/Span60 mixtures reached HLB values between 4.7 and 14.9. Finally,Tween/Span80 combinations yielded HLB values between 4.3 and 1.5. TPH-diesel biodegradation was measured at the beginning, and after 8 weeks, as well as the FCU/grsod, as a measure of microorganisms‘ development during the biodegradation period. A second aim of this work was to assess the use of guar gum as a biodegradation enhancer instead of synthetic products. The conclusions of this work are that surfactant chemical family, and not only the HLB value clearly affects the assisted biodegradation rate. Surfactant‘s synergism was clearly observed. Regarding the use of guar gum, no biodegradation enhancement was observed for the three assessed concentrations,i.e., 2, 20, and 200 mg/kg, respectively. On the contrary, TPH-diesel removal was lower as the gum concentration increased. It is quite possible that guar gum was used as a microbial substrate.     

Influences of Cu or Cd on the neurotoxicity induced by petroleum hydrocarbons in ragworm Perinereis aibuhitensis

The ecotoxicological effects of heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons （PHCs） on ragworms are still vague. The relationships between toxicological indices （mortality and acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） activity） and concentrations of toxicants （Cu, Cd, and PHCs） were examined in the estuary keystone species Perinereis aibuhitensis in laboratory conditions. The results of single toxicant indicated that three toxicants had potentially physiological toxicity to P. aibuhitensis. The estimated 4-d and 10-d LC50 for Cu, Cd, and PHCs was derived from the relationships between mortality and toxicants concentrations. Notable changes in the morphological signs and symptoms of P. aibuhitensis exposed to PHCs were observed. The ACHE activity of P. aibuhitensis was more sensitive to the toxicity of PHCs than the others. The results of combined toxicants implied that the combined toxicity of Cu or Cd and PHCs to P. aibuhitensis was related to the concentration combination of toxicants. Compared to single PHCs treatment, the addition of Cu or Cd significantly mitigated the neurotoxicity of PHCs to ACHE activity in P. aibuhitensis, which showed an antagonistic effect.     

天然源排放碳氢化合物对广州地区光化学污染的影响

运用二维网格模式模拟天然源排放碳氢化合物对广州地区光化学污染的影响．结果表明,天然源排放碳氢化合物的减少直接引起臭氧浓度的减少．当天然源碳氢化合物排放量为零,臭氧平均浓度将减少51.0％;当人为源碳氢化合物排放量为零,臭氧平均浓度将减少34.4％．尽管模拟区内天然源碳氢化合物所占比例（45.7％）比人为源所占比例（54.3％）略小,但天然源碳氢化合物对臭氧浓度的影响却比人为源大．在广州地区东北部,天然源碳氢化合物对臭氧浓度起主要作用;在广州地区南部,人为源碳氢化合物对臭氧浓度起主要作用     

生活垃圾热解处理

福建省福清市日辉生活垃圾处理有限公司研制成功生活垃圾热解处理工艺和设施，通过鉴定并试生产。生活垃圾在不需分检的情况下，经过压缩后长时间(1～2h)的低温(炉外550℃，炉内300℃)无空气条件下加热，使垃圾中长链碳氢化合物断裂成小分子碳氢化合物，同时少量生产碳黑废渣，不产生二曙英，裂解产生的尾气经过处理后，可提取液化气和接近天然气的气体，用作能源，市场前景可观。