Mass transport model of ions within biofilms under the effect of external field

A mass transport model was developed to predict the transport rate of ions within biofilms, which was experimentally verified using the fluxes of NH4^＋ and Ca^2＋ through the heterotrophic biofilms with the thickness varying from 230 to 1430μm under the effect of external field in the range of-20 V/m to 60 V/m. It is found that the result predicted by the model is in agreement with the experimentally obtained one, with the error less than 5 percent for the thin biofilms. The error increases with the increase of the biofilm thickness. The transport rate of ions caused by electric migration is affected by the charges, field strength, and biofilm thickness and so on.     

Selective extraction and separation of Fe, Mn oxides and organic materials in river surficial sediments

In order to investigate the adsorption mechanism of trace metals to surficial sediments （SSs）, a selective extraction procedure was improved in the present work. The selective extraction procedure has been proved to selectively remove and separate Fe, Mn oxides and organic materials （OMs） in the non-residual fraction from the SSs collected in Songhua River, China. After screening different kinds of conventional extractants of Fe and Mn oxides and OMs used for separation of heavy metals in the soils and sediments, NH2OH .HCl （0.1 mol/L） ＋ HNO3 （0.1 mol/L）, （NH4）2C2O4 （0.2 mol/L） ＋ H2C2O4 （pH 3.0）, and 30% of H2O2 were respectively applied to selectively extract Mn oxides, Fe/Mn oxides and OMs. After the extraction treatments, the target components were removed with extraction efficiencies between 86.09%--3.36% for the hydroxylamine hydrochloride treatment, 80.63%- 101.09% for the oxalate solution extraction, and 94.76%-102.83% for the hydrogen peroxide digestion, respectively. The results indicate that this selective extraction technology was effective for the extraction and separation ofFe, Mn oxides and OMs in the SSs, and important for further mechanism study of trace metal adsorption onto SSs.     

新疆吉木乃诸河水体氢氧同位素和水化学特征

利用2018年6月和11月在新疆吉木乃诸河流域采集的河水、冰雪融水和降水样品,对流域水体的水化学成分和氢氧稳定同位素(D,~(18)O)组成的时间和空间特征进行了系统研究.结果表明,吉木乃诸河在丰水期和枯水期阳离子均以Ca~(2+)为主,阴离子以HCO~-_3为主,其次分别为Na~+和SO_4~(2-).在空间上,Na~+、Mg~(2+)、SO_4~(2-)、Cl~-随着海拔的降低呈增加趋势.通过Piper图可以判断出,吉木乃诸河水化学类型为HCO_3-Ca型.利用Gibbs图可知流域内主要离子组成与各类岩石的风化作用有关,大气降水和蒸发作用的影响相对较小.结合当地的水文地质情况,运用离子含量比值法,可以发现离子主要来源于流域内碳酸盐风化和含硫矿物的氧化.丰水期吉木乃诸河地表水中δ~(18)O和δD较枯水期高,冰川融水的同位素值没有明显的季节变化,降水中的同位素值季节变化较大,其区域大气降水线方程为δD=7.5δ~(18)O+5.4 (R~2=0.99).吉木乃诸河河水中稳定同位素与海拔呈现正相关关系,主要原因是蒸发作用的增加,地表水同位素值偏负.该区域地表径流与冰川融水密切相关,冰川融水对该流域水资源的补给贡献较大.     

高效液相色谱-三重四级杆/复合线性离子阱质谱法测定饮用水中22种邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了一种同时测定饮用水中22种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的高效液相色谱-三重四级杆/复合线性离子阱质谱方法:饮用水样品经针头过滤器过滤,选用Biphenyl液相色谱柱进行分离,以含0.1%甲酸的水溶液和含0.1%甲酸的甲醇溶液为流动相,电离模式为电喷雾正离子,选用多反应监测触发增强子离子扫描模式进行检测。结果表明,22种PAEs的灵敏度良好,定量限为0.001～0.1 μg/L。配制浓度为0.1～100.0 μg/L的混标溶液进行进样分析,分析结果显示,22种PAEs在该范围内的线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.995,方法的平均回收率为82.9%～108.9%,相对标准偏差为0.9%～11.2%。同时,使用增强子离子扫描谱图进行搜库匹配,定性准确性高。该方法适用于饮用水中PAEs的检测。     

周丛生物腐解驱动水稻土溶解性有机质、铁、磷转化及耦合

周丛生物在稻田土-水界面上广泛存在,可通过多种途径影响土壤养分转化,但其生物质的腐烂分解对土壤中溶解性有机质(DOM)、铁和磷耦合关系的影响尚不清楚。通过开展微宇宙实验向水稻土中添加不同量的周丛生物,利用傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱法(FT-ICR MS)表征DOM分子组成,分析周丛生物腐解对水稻土DOM组分、Fe²⁺含量、氧化铁活化度(Fe_o/Fe_d)、不同形态磷含量的影响。结果表明,周丛生物的腐解显著提高土壤DOM含量,改变DOM不同组分占比,其中,单宁类物质相对丰度增加1.97%～9.74%。同时,土壤Fe²⁺含量显著增加,Fe_o/Fe_d升高,土壤还原性增强。此外,土壤无机磷含量增加,其中,磷酸铁盐(Fe-P)变化幅度最大,土壤磷的有效性增加。周丛生物腐解改变土壤DOM组分和铁形态,而DOM中单宁类物质等惰性组分可以通过影响矿物对磷的吸附来影响磷的有效性。主成分分析(PCA)结果表明,添加周丛生物腐解处理与对照之间DOM含量、单宁类物质相对丰度、磷酸铝...