矿业城市地质环境现状及保护措施

以矿业城市乌海市为例，分析了矿业城市地质环境现状、地质环境工作成效，提出了矿业城市地质环境保护措施。     

硫磷铝锶矿的综合利用

硫磷铝锶矿的综合利用１前言清平磷矿区位于四川盆地西部边缘，面积５４ｋｍ￣２，在磷矿开采中排出的硫磷铝锶矿，是未被开发利用的宝贵资源。硫磷铝锶矿为磷块岩的直接顶板，同磷块岩紧密共生（有时亦以夹石的形式出现于磷块岩中），矿体呈透镜状及似层状。厚矿碱溶Ｐ＿...     

稀土硫铵废水高浓度氨氮回收试验研究

研究采用预处理和两级吹脱的方法处理稀土硫铵废水,并回收氨氮。试验结果表明,每吨废水投加7.7gCaO进行预处理,可以将废水的pH值提高到12.1,同时硬度可降低91.8%;一级吹脱在pH>12、气液比6000条件下,吹脱3h氨氮去除率可达97%以上;二级吹脱在pH>11.3、气液比4000条件下,吹脱2h氨氮去除率可达86.2%以上,出水满足排放标准。两级吹脱出的氨氮用浓硫酸吸收,可生成硫酸铵17.39g/t废水。     

硫化矿尾矿酸性矿山废水污染及释酸能力预测评价方法

酸性矿山废水是全球矿山面临的最严重的环境问题之一。文章介绍了评价硫化物尾矿产酸潜力的2种方法,即静态溶浸测试和动态淋滤测试。静态溶浸测试包括酸碱估算法和净酸生成法2种。还探讨了2种方法所存在的问题和局限性,并对进一步的研究进提出了设想。     

沉重的稀土

参照《稀土工业污染物排放标准》,我国现有的稀土采选、冶炼企业中将有90%以上达不到要求,而改造将增加70%的成本。与此同时,目前稀土行业还没有最终确定管理权归属,标准虽出,但惩罚措施未定。于是,新标准能否得到严格执行成业界最大担忧。     

稀土萃取分离新技术实现废水零排放

稀土萃取分离会产生高浓度氯化铵废水的问题,长期以来未能找到解决良方。内蒙古介电电泳应用技术研究院在世界上首次将介电电泳技术放大应用于膜分离领域,实现稀土萃取分离工业废水零排放。所谓介电电泳是指位于非均匀电场的中性微粒,由于介电极化而产生的平移运动。     

Diversity of free-living nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in wastelands of copper mine tailings during the process of natural ecological restoration

Biological nitrogen fixing is an important source of nitrogen input in the natural ecological restoration of mine wastelands. The diversity of nifH genes in tailings samples under di erent plant communities in Yangshanchong and Tongguanshan wastelands in Tongling, was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) approach. The nitrogen-fixing microorganism community in the upper layer of tailings of Tongguanshan wasteland discarded in 1980 showed higher Shannon-Wiener diversity index than that in Yangshanchong wasteland discarded in 1991. The diversity of nifH genes in Yangshanchong wasteland of copper mine tailings did not display a consistent successional tendency with development of plant communities during the process of natural ecological restoration. Phylogenetic analysis of 25 sequences of nifH gene fragments retrieved from the DGGE gels indicated that there were mainly two taxa of free-living nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria living in the wastelands investigated, most of which were unique and uncultured. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) based on the relationship between band patterns of DGGE profile and physico-chemical properties of tailings samples showed that the diversity of nifH genes in di erent tailing samples was mainly a ected by loss of ignition, water content, pH and available Zn contents of wastelands. The dominant plant species and development period of plant communities by ameliorating pH, reducing the toxicity of heavy metals, increasing organic matter and water content a ected the diversity and structure of the free-living nitrogenfixing microorganisms in wastelands of copper mine tailings.     

日本欲开发海底稀土制衡中国

日本海底稀土探计划为探查日本近海稀土海底矿物资源,日本将从明年起斥巨资打造海底资源调查船,预计花4年时间完成造船计划。这是日本雄心勃勃勘探开发海底稀土计划的重要一步。然而,有专家指出,人类并不熟知海底4000米～6000米地区的生态系统,如果在海底大规模挖泥,必然会破坏海底生态     

某尾矿坝稳定性数值分析

基于某尾矿库目前标高和最终标高的概化模型,在正常水位和洪水位两种工况下,采用GeoStudio软件中的SEEP/W模块进行渗流场模拟,并应用SLOPE/W模块对每种条件下尾矿坝的稳定性进行数值计算,得到最危险滑动面和最小抗滑稳定系数。结果表明,在排渗设施正常工作的情况下,尾矿坝边坡稳定性均满足规范要求的最小安全系数,但终高洪水位时坝体安全系数的富余不是很大。同时验证了尾矿坝安全系数随着库内水位的上升以及浸润线深度的变化规律。