城市排水系统在水污染防治中的作用

城市排水系统在水污染防治中起着重要作用。通过排水管网、污水处理厂和雨水排放系统的协同作用,能够有效收集和处理废水,减少污水对水环境的污染。同时,雨水管理也能够减少雨水对水环境的污染。水质监测和管理也是城市排水系统的重要组成部分。然而,城市排水系统面临着城市化进程带来的压力和需求、技术和设施的更新和改进以及管理和监管的问题。未来,城市排水系统的发展趋势将会是应用新技术和创新、提高环境意识和政策支持以及借鉴国际经验和合作。     

Effect of cerium on photosynthetic characteristics of soybean seedling exposed to supplementary ultraviolet-B radiation

Effects of cerium （Ce^3＋） on photosynthetic characteristics were investigated by hydroponics under laboratory conditions when soybean seedlings were exposed to two levels of supplementary UV-B radiation. UV-B radiation badly inhibited the photosynthesis in soybean seedling, leading to a reduction in net photosynthetic rate （Pn）, Hill reaction activity, light saturated photosynthetic rate （Ps） and apparent quanta yield （AQY）, as well as the CO2 and light saturated photosynthetic rate （Pro） and carboxulation efficiency （CE）. On the contrary, Ce obviously promoted the photosynthesis of plants by increasing Hill reaction activity, accelerating electron transport and photophosphorylation, and enhancing carboxylation efficiency. For Ce＋UV-B treatments, the values of photosynthetic parameters were still lower than those of the control, but obviously higher than those of UV-B treatment. The results indicated that Ce alleviated the inhibition of UV-B radiation on the photosynthesis in soybean seedling to a certain extent. In correlating of Pn with Hill activity, AQY and CE, we found that the changes of photosynthetic rate were mainly influenced by the regulating effect of Ce on Hill activity and AQY at low level （0.15 W/m^2） of UV-B radiation, but were dominated by the regulating effect of Ce on CE at high level （0.45 W/m^2）. Thus, Ce could regulate many aspects in photosynthesis of soybean seedling under UV-B stress. The regulating mechanism was close related with the dosage of UV-B radiation.     

Leaching behavior of Pb and Zn in air pollution control residues and their modeling prediction

Increasing attention has been paid to air pollution control （APC） residues in China recently due to the rising proportion of waste incineration and the hazardous characteristics of the residues, among which heavy metal leaching toxicity plays an important role. Leaching behavior and potential risk of Pb and Zn in the APC residues from a Shanghai municipal solid waste （MSW） incinerator was studied, based on the leaching tests under different conditions and theoretical calculation using a geochemical thermodynamic equilibrium model MINTEQA2. Results showed that, extractant species and liquid to solid （L/S） ratio predominantly controlled the leaching toxicity of Pb and Zn, while ionic strength, vibration method and leaching time had less effect on the metals release. Leachate/final pH determined the metal leaching behavior, which changed the speciation of heavy metals in the extraction system. The equilibrium aqueous speciation, precipitation-dissolution of Pb and Zn was investigated according to the model computation, which was well in agreement with the experimental results.     

Removal of organic matter and nitrogen from distillery wastewater by a combination of methane fermentation and denitrification/nitrification processes

Introduction D istillery w astew ater m ainly includes spent w ash, w hich is one of the m ost com plex, troublesom e industrial organic effluents. This kind of w astew ater has previously been treated aerobically after dilution w ith other w ash w aters.…     

Removal of a type of endocrine disruptors-di-n-butyl phthalate from water by ozonation

Ozonation of synthetic water containing a type of endocrine disruptor-di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP） was examined. Key impact factors such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, ozone dosage and initial DBP concentration were investigated. In addition, the activities of radicals on uncatalysed and catalysed ozonation were studied. The degradation intermediate products were followed and the kinetic of the ozonation were assessed as well. Results revealed that ozonation of DBP followed two mechanisms. Firstly, the reaction rate of direct ozonation was slower at lower pH, temperature, and ionic strength. Secondly, when these factors were increased for indirect radical reaction, higher percentage of DBP was removed with the increase of the initial ozone dosage and the decrease of the initial DBP concentration. In addition, tea-butanol, humic substances and Fe（Ⅱ） affected DBP ozonation through the radical pathway. It was determined that ozonation was restrained by adding tea-butanol for its radical inhibition effect. Furthermore, humic substances enhanced the reaction to some extent, but a slight negative effect would be encountered if the optimum dosage was exceeded. As a matter of fact, Mn（Ⅱ） affected the ozonation by ＂active sites＂ mechanism. In the experiment, three different kinds of intermediate products were produced during ozonation, but the amount of products for each one of them decreased as pH, temperature, ionic strength and initial ozone dosage increased. A kinetic equation of the reaction between ozone and DBP was obtained.     

基于循环神经网络的洞庭湖水位预测研究

洞庭湖流域分布了3个重要的自然保护区,是我国大型淡水湖泊湿地系统之一,生态资源丰富.水位是维持其生态系统结构、功能和完整性的基础.为预测长江和流域"四水"来水组合影响下的洞庭湖水位变化,该文采用两种循环神经网络方法——长短期记忆(LSTM)和门控循环单元(GRU),构建了洞庭湖水位变化的预测模型.LSTM和GRU的优势在于能够学习网络的输入和输出之间的长期依赖关系,这对于模拟受上游来水影响的水位累积变化至关重要.模型以湘江、资水、沅江、澧水入湖流量和长江干流宜昌站前期流量作为输入条件,预测洞庭湖不同湖区的水位变化过程.利用1980～2002年水位流量时间序列数据对模型进行测试,2003～2014年数据进行验证,并对两种模型的预测结果进行了比较.结果表明:(1)循环神经网络LSTM和GRU方法均可合理预测洞庭湖水位的变化过程,NSE和R2均为0.91～0.95,各站水位预测的RMSE值为0.41～0.86 m,NSE和R2均为0.91～0.95;(2)LSTM的预测精度稍高于GRU,但GRU计算更高效,是LSTM一个很好的替代方案;(3)模型能够较准确的模拟一次洪水事件,洪水位的预测值与真实值的最大相对误差低于5％;且模型具有较好的多步长时间序列预测能力,有在水文模型应用方面的潜力.     

聚苯乙烯纳米塑料和溴酸盐对萼花臂尾轮虫的联合毒性作用

聚苯乙烯纳米塑料(polystyrene nanoplastics, PSNPs)和溴酸盐(BrO■)广泛存在于水环境中,会对水生生物产生不利影响。为了探究PSNPs和溴酸钠(NaBrO₃)共存条件下对轮虫的联合毒性效应,以萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)为受试生物,探究了PSNPs(0.001、0.1 mg·L^-1)、NaBrO₃(0.001、0.1 mg·L^-1)以及它们的联合作用对轮虫生命表参数、种群增长、个体及卵大小的影响。PSNPs和NaBrO₃单一及联合暴露显著影响萼花臂尾轮虫的生命表参数,其中,内禀增长率是最为灵敏的参数。0.1 mg·L^-1PSNPs和0.001、0.1 mg·L^-1 NaBrO₃联合暴露使轮虫个体显著减小,0.001 mg·L^-1 PSNPs和0.001、0.1 mg·L^-1 NaBrO₃     

人力资源管理在安全生产中的作用

针对导致事故发生的人的因素,从人力资源管理角度研究如何预防和控制事故,并探讨了方法,提出了有效措施,以构建企业和谐的安全生产环境,提高企业的安全管理水平,促进企业健康有序发展.     

Cu、Zn、Cd、Hg对青海弧菌(Q67菌株)联合毒性作用的研究

采用等毒性混合法（equitoxicmixture）探讨了Cu、Zn、Cd、Hg对青海弧菌（Q67菌珠）的联合毒性作用。当两种金属作用时,Zn和Cd为拮抗作用,Cu和Zn为加和作用,Cu和Cd、Cu和Hg、Zn和Hg、Cd和Hg均为协同作用。而当3种或4种金属同时作用时,联合毒性作用均趋向于加和作用,其机理还有待于进一步研究。     

硒与氟离子对美丽猛水蚤的联合毒性

为了探讨硒氟共存的毒性变化机制,按硒与氟离子１：１０、１：２０、和１：３０三个浓度配比进行硒与氟对美丽猛水蚤的联合毒性实验,结果表明,硒与氟对美丽猛水蚤的单一毒性：９６ｈ Ｓｅ＾４＋ＬＣ５０为９．２（７．４－１５）ｍｇ／Ｌ,９６ｈ Ｆ＾－ＬＣ５０为２９０（２８４－２９６）ｍｇ／Ｌ;硒与氟的联合毒性为拮抗作用,美丽猛水蚤是毒物联合毒性研究的优秀实验生物,毒性单位法及相加指数法都是测定水中毒物联合毒性