稻壳（炭）棒分析方法

考察了稻壳（炭）棒试样的制备方法以及试样湿存水，挥发份，灰份及固定碳的分析方法，建立了分析标准，可做为企业标准用于配合分析中。     

胶结稻壳灰制备钢铁厂用绝热材料的研究

介绍了利用钙淀粉胶结剂胶粘稻壳灰生产钢铁厂专用绝热制品的方法 ,为稻壳的利用提供了新的途径。该制品在高温下使用时不溃散、不散发有害的粉尘和气体 ,从而避免了直接使用稻壳灰对生产场所环境的污染 ;探讨了稻壳灰的碳化过程、胶结机理以及相关因素对制品性能的影响     

改性生物炭的制备及其对水中镉离子的吸附试验

以稻壳为原料,采用预浸渍-热解法制备原始稻壳生物炭(C)、CaCl_2改性的稻壳生物炭(Ca-C)、CaCl_2与H_2O_2混合改性的稻壳生物炭(Ca H-C),探讨改性生物炭对水中Cd~(2+)的去除能力。结果表明:改性生物炭具有较大的比表面结和总孔容积。CaCl_2改性和CaCl_2与H_2O_2混合改性可显著提高生物炭对Cd~(2+)的吸附能力,其中CaCl_2与H_2O_2混合改性效果要优于CaCl_2改性。Ca-C和CaH-C对Cd~(2+)吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温模型,饱和吸附量可分别达到19. 53,37. 45 mg/g。改性生物炭主要以离子交换的方式对水中Cd~(2+)进行去除,少量Cd~(2+)在生物炭或生成的CaCO_3表面进行物理吸附。     

Humification characterization of biochar and its potential as a composting amendment

Biochar has received increasing attention due to its applications as a soil amendment. Here, the chemical properties of solid and water-extractable fractions of four biochar samples were investigated. The results showed that wood biochar and bamboo biochar samples were 60%–80% more hydrophobic than those of rice husk biochar and rice husk ash. In addition, the acidity was 3.88 mmol/g from the total functional groups and 1.03 mmol/g from the carboxyl groups/lactones/phenols found in the wood biochar sample, which were about 1.5 times greater than those of the bamboo biochar sample. These functional groups could be used to determine the sorptive capacity of biochar for ionic solutes and water content and to increase the degradation of compost organics. The wood biochar sample was found to have the most humification materials(fulvic acid-like material + humic acid-like material) in the water-extractable fraction, which was 3–10 times higher than that in the rice husk biochar and rice husk ash; humified materials were not detected in the bamboo biochar sample. Humification materials in biochar may be involved in increasing the proportion of humic acid-like materials in humic-like substances within the compost product. Wood biochar had better hydrophobic, sorptive, aromatic, and humification properties compared to other biochars, suggesting that it may be used in composting in order to exert its effect as both a bulking agent and a composting amendment during the solid waste composting process.     

改性稻壳吸附柱处理亚甲基蓝废水试验研究

研究改性稻壳吸附柱对亚甲基蓝模拟废水的动态吸附。以改性稻壳为填料,分别填入4、6、8 cm高的改性稻壳,通以亚甲基蓝模拟废水,探究流速、废水浓度、吸附柱高、吸附剂粒径等因素对亚甲基蓝模拟废水动态吸附的影响。穿透时间(ta)和耗竭时间(tb)随填料高度(h)的关系分别为:ta=47.75 h-95.16(R2=0.994),tb=62.5 h+161.6(R2=0.999)。研究表明,曲线拟合后计算出6 cm高吸附柱在流速3m L/min时的吸附容量为106.45 mg;改性稻壳对亚甲基蓝模拟废水的吸附能较好地符合博哈特(Bohart)和亚当斯(Adams)方程式。     

稻壳基A型沸石的表征及其对NH_3-N的吸/脱附动力学研究

以稻壳的煅烧灰分为原料,采用水热合成法制得稻壳沸石,运用SEM、XRD和FTIR表征了稻壳沸石的结构特性,并通过静态平衡吸附实验研究了稻壳沸石对NH3-N的吸附特性。结果表明:实验条件下可获得结晶度高、晶型较好的A型单晶沸石,降低晶化温度有利于A型沸石的生成。初始浓度为25,50,100 mg/L时稻壳沸石的最大吸附量分别为3.36,5.16,8.39 mg/g,吸附过程遵循伪二级吸附动力学模型。碱当量MNa OH/AN对NH3-N从稻壳沸石上的脱附影响较大,MNaOH/AN为0.85、8.47和42.4时伪二级模型拟合的饱和脱附值分别为7.46,16.21,19.96 mg/g,与实测值基本接近,NH3-N从稻壳沸石上的脱附主要受化学作用控制,过程遵循伪二级脱附动力学模型。     

稻壳与污泥共热解对污泥炭特性及其重金属生态风险的影响

污泥热解过程中,辅料是影响热解产物性质的主要因素之一.本文研究了添加废弃生物质辅料——稻壳(0、25%、50%)对污泥炭性质、结构和重金属含量、生物有效性及生态风险的影响.实验结果表明,稻壳添加比例为50%时,污泥炭产率及其H/C和O/C比均为最小值,而其pH值和比表面积均达到最大值,污泥炭芳香化程度明显提高.同时,添加稻壳致污泥炭所含重金属存于生物有效态的含量显著降低.通过RAC风险评估,稻壳添加比例为25%时,较原污泥,污泥炭中Cu、Zn、Mn和Ni 4种元素风险水平均有不同程度的减小,而当添加比例为50%时,污泥炭中除Cu元素以外,其余各重金属风险等级均为低风险或无风险.表明污泥与稻壳共热解可有效降低污泥中重金属潜在生态风险水平,且当稻壳添加比例为50%时处理效果最优,本研究结果为污泥与稻壳资源化和无害化利用提供了理论依据.     

锰过氧化物酶的固态发酵及其对染料的脱色作用

采用稻壳作为基质,利用裂褶菌F17固态发酵产锰过氧化物酶(MnP),通过正交实验对发酵条件进行优化,并对5种不同结构类型的染料进行脱色.结果显示,含水率、温度、Mn2 、Cu2 对裂褶菌F17产MnP有显著影响;MnP发酵的最优化条件为稻壳27g、黄豆粉3g、MnSO40.4mg·g-1、含水率150%、接种量50%、培养温度22℃,pH不调节,优化后酶活达到16.39 U·g-1,比优化前的酶活9.20 U·g-1提高了78.2%.优化后的发酵体系对染料刚果红、茜素红、Poly R-478、中性红和结晶紫的24h脱色率分别达到92.6%、90.3%、93.1%、87.3%和95.6%.