强化EGSB-好氧组合工艺处理马铃薯淀粉废水研究

马铃薯淀粉废水具有处理难度大、有机污染物浓度高等特点,属于高难度有机废水。为了有效的解决马铃薯淀粉废水造成的环境污染问题,采用强化厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床组合好氧工艺对有机污染物质和氨氮的去除效能进行研究。研究结果表明-强化厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床在最佳运行工况条件下(进水温度为30℃、外回流比为2和水力停留时间24 h),组合工艺出水COD质量浓度和氨氮浓度分别在92.35 mg/L和10.28 mg/L左右,去除率分别在98.85%和86.29%左右,出水水质能够满足《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)二级标准,说明该工艺是一种适用于马铃薯淀粉废水的处理技术。     

水力停留时间和搅拌速率对搅拌反应器回收尿液中磷的研究

鸟粪石沉淀法可以在搅拌反应器中回收尿液中的磷,而水力停留时间和搅拌速率对鸟粪石晶体的形成有重要影响.因此,本文在搅拌反应器中通过分批实验研究了水力停留时间(0.5、1.0和2.0 h)和搅拌速率(80、160和320 r·min-1)对尿液中磷的回收率和鸟粪石晶体粒径的影响.结果表明,水力停留时间从0.5 h增至2 h时,磷回收率从88.9%增至95.4%,而鸟粪石晶体平均粒径从124.4μm下降为71.2μm.随搅拌速率从80 r·min-1增至320 r·min-1,磷回收率从88.7%增至93.4%,而鸟粪石晶体平均粒径从37.0μm增至78.9μm.较短的水力停留时间和较高的搅拌速率更有利于大粒径的鸟粪石晶体形成,但对磷回收率影响有限.搅拌速率为160 r·min-1时,鸟粪石回收率最高为78.7%,可以得到纯度很高的鸟粪石晶体,而较高和较低的搅拌速率都不利于提高鸟粪石回收率.     

Performance and microbial response during the fast reactivation of Anammox system by hydrodynamic stress control

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation （Anammox） has become a promising method for biological nitrogen removal. However, this biotechnology application is always limited due to the low growth rate and biomass yield of Anammox bacteria. This study investigated the process of fast reactivation of an Anammox consortium idled for 2 years uia hydrodynamic stress control. The results showed that the Anammox system was efficiently and quickly reactivated by shortening of the hydraulic retention time （I-IRT） of the reactor from 12 to 6 hr within 68 days of operation. Moreover, at a 4-hr HRT with an influent total nitrogen loading rate of 1.2 kg N/（m3.day）, the reactor maintained high biological performance with an ammonium removal loading rate of 0.52 kg N/（m3.day） and a nitrite removal rate of 0.59 kg N/（m3.day）. In the reactivated Anammox reaction, the stoichiometric coefficients of NH4-N to NOE-N and NH4-N to NO4-N were 1：1.04± 0.08 and 1：0.31 ± 0.03, respectively. The specific Anammox activity and hydrazine oxidoreductase activity, both of which represent the degree of Anammox bacteria present, increased as the hydrodynamic stress increased and were maximally （125.38 ± 3.01 mg N/（g VSS.day） and 339.42 ± 6.83 μmol/（min.g VSS）, respectively） at 4-hr HRT. Microbial response analysis showed that the dominant microbial community was obviously shifted and the dominance of Anammox bacteria was enhanced durinR the hydrodynamic selection.     

Settling basin design in a constructed wetland using TSS removal efficiency and hydraulic retention time

Using total suspended solid （TSS） removal efficiency and hydraulic retention time （HRT） as design parameters a design guideline of a settling basin in a constructed wetland （CW） was suggested; as well as management of sediment and particle in the settling basin. The CW was desiEned to treat the piggery wastewater effluent from a wastewater treatment plant during dry days and stonnwater runoff from the surrounding paved area during wet days. The first settling basin （FSB） in the CVV was theoretically designed with a total storage volume （TSV） of 453 ms and HRT of 5.5 hr. The amount of sediment and particles settled at the FSB was high due to the sedimentation and interception of plants in the CVV. Dredging of sediments was performed when the retention rate at the FSB decreased to approximately 80%. Findings showed that the mean flow rate was 21.8 m3/hr less than the designed flow rate of 82.8 m3/hr indicating that the FSB was oversize and operated with longer HRT （20.7 hr） compared to the design HRT. An empirical model to estimate the length of the settling basin in the CW was developed as a function of HRT and desired TSS removal efficiency. Using the minimum tolerable TSS removal efficiency of 30%, the length of the FSB was estimated to be 31.2 m with 11.8 hr HRT.     

生物膜-活性污泥处理城市污水的中试研究

在节能环保领域中,城市污水的处理多数采用活性污泥法,为了改善出水水质,需要在原工艺基础上改造工艺,采用一种污泥龄短的强化生物膜与活性污泥相结合的新工艺,由于这是一个新的方向,因此需要在改造设计前进行实验研究来观察水处理效果。因此,改系统在去除污水化学需氧量和生化需氧量的同时,能有效地去除氨氮,总氮和总磷,实现节能环保的良好效果。     

污染减排在路上

这是近年来挥之不去的疼。去冬今春,全国各地再次出现大范围空气污染,近30个省市的空气质量达到重度污染或严重污染级别。1月10日首都北京空气质量达到重度污染。按照预报结果,该市及时实施相应应急方案,通过网络、微博、电视、广播等渠道及时发布信息,建议市民尽量减少出行和户外停留时间,建议中小学减少户外运     

UASB反应器中厌氧氨氧化菌脱氮效果及运行条件

通过UASB反应器中接种厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥,处理模拟实验废水,检测其厌氧脱氮效果,并探寻其最佳运行条件。研究表明,UASB反应器中厌氧氨氧化菌具有高效的脱氮效果。厌氧氨氧化菌对NH~+_4-N和NO~-_2-N的适宜浓度负荷均为220 mg/L,水力停留时间适宜为4 h,最适温度为35℃,最佳p H值为8.0,在此条件下,NH~+_4-N,NO~-_2-N和TN的去除率分别可达97%,98.5%及88%。     

曝气生物滤池处理污水的工艺研究

通过对曝气生物滤池反应器（BAF）加入不同填料处理污水的实验研究,结果表明,选择工程陶料作为填料时,化学需氧量和氨氮的去除效果较好,且出水浊度能达到污水回用标准。生物滤池的水力停留时间设置在2h为宜。     

ASBR处理高浓度悬浮固体废物的工艺特性

在水力停留时间(HRT)分别为20、10、7.5、5d的条件下,进行了中温、高温厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)处理热水解污泥的试验,在此基础上总结了ASBR处理高浓度悬浮固体废物的工艺特性.ASBR可以有效积累悬浮固体从而保持较高的固体浓度,但ASBR存在一“临界点”,即最大积累悬浮固体的能力,超过此临界点,反应器运行不稳.在稳态运行条件下,ASBR能保持较高固体停留时间(SRT)和微生物平均细胞停留时间(MCRT),在处理热水解污泥时,SRT和MCRT分别是水力停留时间(HRT)的2.53～3.73倍、2.03～3.14倍.因此,与传统的连续流搅拌反应器(CSTR)相比,ASBR的处理效率提高7.13%～34.68%.     

硫自养填充床反应器降解水中高浓度高氯酸盐的特性及菌群分析

采用硫自养填充床反应器处理模拟高浓度高氯酸盐(Cl O-4)污染水,考察不同进水Cl O-4浓度及水力停留时间(HRT)下的Cl O-4降解特性.结果表明,HRT为12 h时,进水Cl O-4浓度由50 mg·L~(-1)增加到194 mg·L~(-1)时,Cl O-4能被完全降解;进水Cl O-4浓度为194 mg·L~(-1)时,HRT由12 h减少至4 h时,Cl O-4去除率仅为74%;SO_2-4的产量随着进水Cl O-4浓度与HRT的增加而增加;进水pH和碱度(以Ca CO_3计)分别为8.0和500 mg·L~(-1),出水pH和碱度(以Ca CO_3计)分别为6.7和100mg·L~(-1);反应器底部氧化还原电位(ORP)稳定在-380~-330 m V,反应器上部氧化还原电位(ORP)稳定在-300~-250m V.分子生物学分析表明,反应器内的菌群结构随高度的变化而变化,硫氧化菌Sulfurovum随反应器高度的增加而减少,由底部57.78%减少到上部的32.19%,同时硫化氢氧化菌Hydrogenophilaceae随反应器高度的增加而增加,由底部4.35%增加到上部的22.24%.