基于F⁃J⁃M法的桥梁温度与地震作用效应组合研究∗

目前铁路桥梁设计逐渐由容许应力法向极限状态法转变,而《铁路桥涵设计规范（极限状态法）》（Q/CR 9300—2018）并未提及地震作用与温度等可变作用的联合作用,给高寒高烈度区桥梁结构抗震设计带来了较大困难。为了推进桥梁以更经济的抗力方式抵御外荷载作用,通过目标可靠度指标确定其最优地震设计状况荷载组合分项系数,从而对现行桥梁设计规范抗震设计进行优化。建立了高寒地区某桥温度作用效应概率模型,使用Ferry Borges荷载组合理论探究地震和环境温度作用的效应分布特征,并基于JC 法和多灾害荷载系数设计法（MH-LRFD）建立地震、温度作用荷载系数的表达式。依托某桥梁工程实例分别探究了地震、温度以及两者共同作用下的桥梁的失效概率。研究结果表明：环境温度引起的桥梁温度内力响应、主要构件材料特性变异均能显著影响桥梁的失效概率;对于高寒大温差地区,现行规范忽略环境温度效应将显著低估桥梁在地震作用下的失效概率。本文提出的F?J?M（FerryBorges+JC+MH-LRFD）方法计算地震、温度作用组合系数,可为高寒地区桥梁抗震设计提供必要理论依据。     

基于AVHRR和MODIS的海表温度一致性分析

本文以太平洋为研究区域,选取平均偏差、绝对偏差、标准偏差和相关系数4个误差统计指标,开展2002年7月至2009年12月MODIS SST与AVHRR SST两种SST产品的一致性分析。结果表明:（1）两种SST产品的差异在时空上分布不均匀,距平前,一致性较好的区域均分布在偏差条带（10° N附近）的南、北两边低纬度区域以及澳洲的东部海域,且二者偏差长时间稳定在±0.4 ℃以内;（2）在南美洲中西部海域以及马来群岛附近海域,两种SST产品差异具有明显的季节性规律,并且在马来群岛附近海域,两种传感器存在一定程度的原理机制区别;（3）在南半球中纬度太平洋中部海域和北半球中纬度太平洋中部海域,季节性因素并不是造成两种SST产品差异的主要原因;（4）距平后,其中一致性较好的区域主要分布在偏差条带（10° N附近）的南、北两边低纬度区域以及澳洲的东部海域,其他区域在距平后的差异更接近同一水平;（5）两种SST数据产品中,夜间降轨（Night）产品之间的差异大于白天升轨（Day）,距平后,这种差异大大缩小。     

典型进口含铜原料熔炼烟气中重金属的释放特性

为了解我国进口含铜原料熔炼烟气中重金属的释放特性,以近年进口申报的铜精矿、铜锍、铜转炉渣和含铜污泥4种典型含铜原料为研究对象,通过高温管式炉模拟研究不同含铜物料、熔炼温度、熔剂添加比例等条件下,熔炼烟气中重金属的释放特性.结果表明,4种进口含铜原料熔炼烟气中As、Pb质量分数较高,进口铜精矿和含铜污泥熔炼烟气重金属质量...     

空调调高1℃的意义

盛夏酷暑来临,席卷全国的“电荒”大有愈演愈烈之势。为有效化解用电困境,最近许多城市出台规定对空调温度进行限制,6月3日,北京市奥组委向全市宾馆、酒店、商厦、机场、车站等公共场所发出“夏季空调调高1至2摄氏度”的节电倡议;南京市要求党政机关办公使用空调时室温不得低于28℃。上海要求所有公共场所空调温度不低于     

Responses of chlorophyll fluorescence and nitrogen level of Leymus chinensis seedling to changes of soil moisture and temperature

Controlled experiment of Leymus chinensis seedlings grown in the environmental growth chambers at 3 soil moisture levels and 3 temperature levels was conducted in order to improve the understanding how leaf photosynthetic parameters will respond to climatic change. The results indicated that soil drought and high temperature decreased the photochemical efficiency of photosystem ( Fw/Fm ), the overall photochemical quantum yield of PSIl(yield), the coefficient of photochemical fluorescence quenching(qp), but increased the coefficient of non-photochemical fluorescence quenching( q, ). Severe soil drought would decrease Fv/Fm and yield by 3.12% and 37.04% under 26% condition, respectively, and 6.60% and 73.33% under 32% condition, respectively,suggesting that higher temperature may enhance the negative effects of soil drought. All the soil drought treatments resulted in the decline in leaf nitrogen content. There was no significant effect of temperature on leaf nitrogen level,but higher temperature significantly reduced the root nitrogen content and the ratio of root nitrogen to leaf nitrogen,indicating the different strategies of adaptation to soil drought and temperature. It was also implied that higher temperature would enhance the effect of soil drought on leaf photosynthetic capacity, decrease the adaptability of Leymus chinensis to drought.     

Occurrence and volatility of several trace elements in pulverized coal boiler

The contents of eight trace elements(Mn, Cr, Pb, As, Se, Zn, Cd, Hg) in raw coal, bottom ash and fly ash were measured in a 220 t/h pulverized coal boiler. Factors affecting distribution of trace elements were investigated, including fly ash diameter, furnace temperature, oxygen content and trace elements‘ characters. One coefficient of Meij was also improved to more directly show element enrichment in combustion products. These elements may be classified into three groups according to their distribution: Group 1. Hg, which is very volatile. Group 2: Pb, Zn, Cd, which are partially volatile. Group 3: Mn, which is hardly volatile. Se may be located between groups 1 and 2. Cr has properties of both group ! and 3. In addition, the smaller diameter of fly ash, the more relative enrichment of trace elements (except Mn). The fly ash showed different adsorption mechanisms of trace elements and the volatilization of trace elements rises with furnace temperature. Relative enrichments of trace elements(except Mn and Cr) in fly ash are larger than that in bottom ash. Low oxygen content can not always improve the volatilization of trace elements. Pb is easier to form chloride than Cd during coal combustion. Trace elements should be classified in accordance with factors.     

温度分层环境下火灾烟气羽流上升高度公式分析

对小尺度空间温度分层环境下柴油有焰火及棉绳阴燃火烟气运动进行了实验和数值模拟.结果表明,在分层环境下,烟气与环境空气温度差造成的浮力在某一高度消失并转为负值,致使烟气停止上升而向横向扩展.Morton积分公式低估了烟气羽流上升的最大高度,且在相同出口条件及分层环境下,柴油烟雾比棉绳烟雾下降趋势快,上升高度小,其原因在于积分公式中自相似卷吸及烟气为空气假设.引入烟气密度修正系数和自相似修正系数,对Morton公式进行了修正和讨论.     

苯酚强降解菌的筛选及温度对降解的影响

以江油市某以石油为原料生产甲醇的甲醇厂污水处理站污泥和分析纯苯酚为原料,通过富集培养,涂布平板法(Spread plate method)和平板划线法(Streak plate method)进行菌株分离,并采用不断加大苯酚质量浓度的方法对PD2菌株置于34 ℃、150 r/min的摇床上进行振荡驯化培养,得到以苯酚为唯一碳源,能降解高酚浓度的优势降酚菌.PD2菌株经过6代驯化后的试验表明: 该菌58 h对质量浓度为1 100 mg/L苯酚的降解率达98.6%,58 h对质量浓度为1 400 mg/L苯酚的降解率达94.3%,60 h对质量浓度为2 200 mg/L苯酚的降解率达83.6%.说明一定范围内提高苯酚的质量浓度可以提高PD2菌株降解苯酚的酶的活性.在不同温度下观察菌株的生长及对苯酚的降解情况,结果表明,该菌最佳降解苯酚温度为34 ℃.     

温度升高对湿地系统温室气体排放的影响

综述了湿地系统温室气体CO2、CH4和N2O的排放机制及温度升高对湿地系统温室气体排放影响的研究进展.温度升高使得湿地植物生长季节延长,促进湿地生态系统生产力的提高,影响湿地生态系统的稳定性.温度升高可改变湿地系统温室气体CO2、CH4和N2O排放的源汇转换,使温室气体排放增加,并对温度变化形成一种正反馈影响.温度升高使得湿地CO2排放增强,降低湿地土壤碳汇的能力,甚至转变为净碳源.温度升高可增加湿地CH4排放量,夏季温度升高对CH4排放通量没有明显影响.温度升高使湿地土壤硝化和反硝化作用增强,促进N2O的产生与排放,湿地成为N2O的排放源.同时,温度升高使得湿地水位降低、土壤水分减少,一定程度上约束了温室气体排放增加的强度.并对进一步的研究进行了展望.     

热湿气候地区木结构墙体霉菌污染评估及控制措施

根据霉菌生长的临界条件,在对墙体进行详细热湿性能分析的基础上,建立了木结构中最大可能霉菌生长指数模型.提出了基于预防霉菌生长的墙体最小热阻的确定方法.以长沙地区为例,分析了我国南方地区一种新型木结构墙体中胶木层的霉菌生长情况.结果表明,在靠近室内侧的表面,由于湿度过高引起霉菌大量生长.该墙体要在热湿气候地区推广应用需合理的设计室内产湿率和除湿率之间的平衡关系.