O_2~+、O_3同时脱硫脱硝实验

针对目前的烟气同时脱硫脱硝方法中存在的投资成本、运行费用、占地面积大等问题,研究强电离放电方法产生高浓度氧活性粒子(O2+、O3)注入烟气外排管道中,进行O2+、O3消除烟气中的NO,SO2转化成HNO3,H2SO4的等离子化学反应.描述强电离介质阻挡放电制取O2+、O3原理和烟道中O2+与H2O反应形成·OH及其氧化脱硫脱硝反应机制,分析回收酸液中的酸根离子种类及浓度.在O2+、O3与NO+SO2的物质的量比为5,烟气温度为65℃,H2O体积浓度为10%,停留时间为1s的实验条件下,脱硝脱硫率分别为97.4%,83.2%.     

Characterization of aerosol optical properties, chemical composition and mixing states in the winter season in Shanghai, China

Physical and chemical properties of ambient aerosols at the single particle level were studied in Shanghai from December 22 to 28, 2009. A Cavity-Ring-Down Aerosol Extinction Spectrometer（CRD-AES） and a nephelometer were deployed to measure aerosol light extinction and scattering properties, respectively. An Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer（ATOFMS）was used to detect single particle sizes and chemical composition. Seven particle types were detected. Air parcels arrived at the sampling site from the vicinity of Shanghai until mid-day of December 25, when they started to originate from North China. The aerosol extinction,scattering, and absorption coefficients all dropped sharply when this cold, clean air arrived.Aerosol particles changed from a highly aged type before this meteorological shift to a relatively fresh type afterwards. The aerosol optical properties were dependent on the wind direction.Aerosols with high extinction coefficient and scattering Angstrom exponent（SAE） were observed when the wind blew from the west and northwest, indicating that they were predominantly fine particles. Nitrate and ammonium correlated most strongly with the change in aerosol optical properties. In the elemental carbon/organic carbon（ECOC） particle type, the diurnal trends of single scattering albedo（SSA） and elemental carbon（EC） signal intensity had a negative correlation. We also found a negative correlation（r =-0.87） between high mass-OC particle number fraction and the SSA in a relatively clean period, suggesting that particulate aromatic components might play an important role in light absorption in urban areas.     

Characteristics of nanoparticles emitted from burning of biomass fuels

The characteristics of the particles of the smoke that is emitted from the burning ofbiomass fuels were experimentally investigated using a laboratory-scale tube furnace and different types of biomass fuels： rubber wood, whole wood pellets and rice husks. Emitted amounts of particles, particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） and water-soluble organic carbon （WSOC） are discussed relative to the size of the emitted particles, ranging to as small as nano-size （〈70 nm）, and to the rate of heating rate during combustion, differential thermal analysis （DTA） and thermogravimetric analysis （TG） techniques were used to examine the effect of heating rate and biomass type on combustion behaviors relative to the characteristics of particle emissions. In the present study, more than 30% of the smoke particles from the burning ofbiomass fuel had a mass that fell within a range of 〈 100 nm. Particles smaller than 0.43 μm contributed greatly to the total levels of toxic PAHs and WSOC. The properties of these particles were influenced by the fuel component, the combustion conditions, and the particle size. Although TC--DTA results indicated that the heating rate in a range of 10-20℃did not show a significant effect on the combustion properties, there was a slight increase in the decomposition temperature as heating rate was increased. The nano-size particles had the smallest fraction of particle mass and particle-bound PAHs, but nonetheless these particles registered the largest fraction of particle-bound WSOC.     

Graphene TiO2 nanocomposites with high photocatalytic activity for the degradation of sodium pentachlorophenol

A series of graphene–TiO2photocatalysts was synthesized by doping TiO2 with graphene oxide via hydrothermal treatment. The photocatalytic capability of the catalysts under ultraviolet irradiation was evaluated in terms of sodium pentachlorophenol（PCP-Na） decomposition and mineralization. The structural and physicochemical properties of these nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2adsorption–desorption, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectra, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The graphene–TiO2nanocomposites exhibited higher photocatalytic efficiency than commercial P25 for the degradation of PCP-Na, and 63.4% to 82.9% of the total organic carbon was fully mineralized. The improved photocatalytic activity may be attributed to the accelerated interfacial electron-transfer process and the significantly prolonged lifetime of electron-hole pairs imparted by graphene sheets in the nanocomposites. However,excessive graphene and the inhomogeneous aggregation of TiO2 nanoparticles may decrease photodegradation efficiency.     

绿动空间闪耀绿色青奥——让绿色运动起来,让运动充满绿色

<正>2014年8月28日,第二届夏季青年奥林匹克运动会在南京奥体中心落下帷幕。国际奥委会主席巴赫如此评价:"南京青奥会的组织工作完美无缺,树立了可持续赛事组织的优秀典范,你们的高效世界闻名,你们的友好举世无双,这座古老又现代的充满活力的城市让人感到家的温暖。谢谢南京!谢谢中国!"南京青奥会赢得的空前赞誉,不仅包括竞技赛事的周密组织,同样包括文化     

湘西南兰蓉岩体锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及构造背景

湘西南兰蓉岩体为一加里东期小侵入体,由黑云母二长花岗岩和二云母二长花岗岩组成。(443.5±8.1)Ma的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄表明花岗岩形成于早志留世早期。主量元素组成表明岩体总体属钙碱性-高钾钙碱性系列强过铝质花岗岩类。该侵入体Ba、(Ta+Nb)、Sr、P、Ti强烈亏损,Rb、(Th+U+K)、(La+Ce)、Nd、(Zr+Hf+Sm)、(Y+Yb+Lu)等相对富集;稀土元素含量较高、轻稀土富集明显、Eu显著亏损;ISr值为0.71299,εSr(t)值为120,εNd(t)值为-8.11和-8.89,t2DM为1.82和1.84Ga。C/MF-A/MF图解显示其源岩为泥质岩和砂屑岩。上述地球化学特征表明兰蓉岩体为陆壳碎屑岩石部分熔融形成的S型花岗岩。基于岩石成因、构造环境判别以及区域构造演化过程,推断兰蓉岩体的具体形成机制为:奥陶纪末—志留纪初的北流运动(板内造山运动)导致地壳增厚、升温,尔后在挤压减弱、应力松弛的后碰撞-减压构造环境下,中、上地壳酸性岩石发生部分熔融并向上侵位而形成兰蓉岩体。     

基于粒子群优化的WA-SVM模型在滑坡位移预测中的应用

针对滑坡位移时间序列含大量噪声、具有明显的非线性等特征,本文提出了一种基于粒子群优化(PSO)的小波分析(WA)-支持向量机(SVM)滑坡位移预测模型(即WA-SVM模型)。该模型在混沌分析的基础上,首先用WA将滑坡位移序列分解成不同频率的分量,然后采用PSO算法优选SVM模型参数,并利用SVM模型预测各分量值,最后将各分量预测值组合得到最终预测值。结合滑坡位移序列实例,将基于粒子群优化的WA-SVM模型的预测结果与WA-BP模型、单独SVM模型进行对比,结果表明该滑坡位移序列存在混沌特性,基于粒子群优化的WA-SVM模型克服了噪声的干扰和参数优选的问题,具有较高的预测精度和预测效率,为滑坡位移的预测提供了一种新的方法。     

真空热试验红外加热笼运动驱动系统设计

目的解决在航天器真空热试验中,单纯依靠红外加热笼自身设计,无法兼顾高、低温工况外的热流模拟需求问题。方法设计一套运动驱动系统,并应用于型号试验,通过调整红外加热笼的相对位置,调节不同工况下外热流模拟能力。结果该系统满足空间环境模拟器机械和电接口要求,克服了真空热试验环境高真空、超低温等因素的影响,实现了红外加热笼的平稳可靠移动,使其最大、最小辐射热流密度等指标得到显著提升。结论真空热试验中,通过运动驱动系统适时调整红外加热笼的相对位置,可以使其更好地适应不同工况需求,并提高外热流模拟整体能力。     

Fe_2O_3纳米粒子对土壤呼吸作用的影响研究

为了解Fe2O3纳米粒子对土壤有机碳分解矿化能力的影响,本研究采用室内培养实验,探讨了Fe2O3纳米粒子对土壤呼吸作用的影响。结果表明,在土壤中添加Fe2O3纳米粒子能够增强土壤呼吸作用,当Fe2O3纳米粒子加入量为10 g·kg-1时,土壤呼吸作用最强。本研究表明Fe2O3纳米粒子具有增强土壤有机碳分解矿化的作用。     

基于粒子群径向基神经网络的矿井突水水源判别

以多项地下水化学组分指标作为判别因子,采用粒子群算法优化径向基函数神经网络中的参数,建立了最优结构的基于粒子群径向基函数神经网络的矿井突水水源判别模型,将此模型应用于实例分析中,并与其他方法进行了比较分析。结果表明:基于粒子群径向基函数神经网络的矿井突水水源判别模型的判别结果具有客观性和实用性,避免了权重分配等人为因素的干扰;与传统最小二乘法的RBF神经网络相比,其精度更高,优化结果更为合理,具有较强的突水水源判别能力,可为矿井突水水源判别提供了一条新途径。