物理界两大实验室宣称 或已瞥见“上帝粒子”

7月28日,物理界的两大圣殿级实验室——欧洲核子物理研究中心（CERN）和美国费米实验室（Fermilab）,先后宣称或已“瞥见”了希格斯玻色子的蛛丝马迹,即是说著名的“上帝粒子”有可能已现身世间。不过,由于数据尚未足够也未经严格验证,两实验室都不敢言之凿凿。     

Catalytic bubble-free hydrogenation reduction of azo dye by porous membranes loaded with palladium nanoparticles

Catalytic bubble-free hydrogenation reduction of azo dye by porous membranes loaded with palladium （Pd） nanoparticles was studied for the first time. The effects of Pd loading, dye concentration and reuse repetitions of membranes were investigated. In reduction, the dye concentration decreased whereas the pH rose gradually. An optimal Pd loading was found. The catalytic membranes were able to be reused more than 3 times.     

Evaluating the effectiveness of marine actinobacterial extract and its mediated titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the degradation of azo dyes

Aim of the present study was to synthesize titanium dioxide nanoparticles （YiO2 NPs） from marine actinobacteria and to develop an eco-friendly azo-dye degradation method. A total of five actinobacterial isolates were isolated from Chennai marine sediments, Tamilnadu, India and analyzed for the synthesis of TiO2 NPs using titanium hydroxide. Among these, the isolate PSV 3 showed positive results for the synthesis of TiO2 NPs, which was confirmed by UV analysis. Further characterization of the synthesized TiO2 NPs was done using XRD, AFM and FI＇-IR analysis. Actinobacterial crude extract and synthesized TiO2 NPs was found efficient in degrading azo dye such as Acid Red 79 （AR-79） and Acid Red 80 （AR-80）. Degradation percentage was found to be 81% for AR-79, 83% for AR-80 using actinobacterial crude extract and 84% for AR-79, 85% for AR-80 using TiO2 NPs. Immobilized actinobacterial ceils showed 88% for AR-79 and 81% for AR- 80, dye degrading capacity. Degraded components were characterized by FT-IR and GC-MS analysis. The phytotoxicity test with 500 μg/mL of untreated dye showed remarkable phenotypic as well as cellular damage to Tagetes erecta plant. Comparatively no such damage was observed on plants by degraded dye components. In biotoxicity assay, treated dyes showed less toxic effect as compared to the untreated dyes.     

Characteristics of atmospheric particles and heavy metals in winter in Chang-Zhu-Tan city clusters, China

To understand the pollution characteristics of atmospheric particles and heavy metals in winter in Chang-Zhu-Tan city clusters, China, total suspended particulate(TSP) and PM10samples were collected in cities of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan from December 2011 to January 2012, and heavy metals of Cd, Pb, Cr, and As were analyzed. It shows that the average TSP concentration in Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan were(183 ± 73),(201 ± 84) and(190 ± 66) μg/m3respectively, and the average PM10 were(171 ± 82),(178 ± 65) and(179 ± 55) μg/m3respectively. The lowest TSP and PM10concentrations occurred at the background Shaping site of Changsha. The average ratio of ρ(PM10)/ρ(TSP) was 91.9%, ranging from 81.3% to 98.9%. Concerning heavy metals, in TSP samples, the concentration of Cr, As, Cd and Pb were 28.8–56.5, 18.1–76.3, 3.9–26.1 and 148.0–460.9 ng/m3, respectively, while in PM10samples, were 16.4–42.1, 15.5–67.9, 3.3–22.2 and 127.9–389.3 ng/m3, respectively. The enrichment factor of Cd was the highest, followed by Pb and As, while that of Cr was the lowest.     

纳米Fe0粒子对产乙烯脱卤菌群脱氯性能和多样性影响研究

为探讨纳米Fe0粒子对产乙烯脱卤菌群脱氯性能和物种多样性的影响,采用纳米Fe0粒子与产乙烯脱卤菌群联合脱氯,并通过气相色谱、PCR-DGGE和TEM等技术手段进行相关表征.结果表明:当纳米Fe0粒子浓度为0~0.50 g·L-1时,体系的脱氯速率提高较小,低于40%,且菌种数量无明显变化;当其浓度为0.50~1.00 g·L-1时,体系的脱氯速率由0.31μmol·h-1提高到0.77μmol·h-1,体系的脱氯速率提高了60%,部分DGGE条带消失,多样性减少.TEM结果显示,产乙烯脱卤拟球菌在与纳米Fe0粒子接触部位有轻度破损,但细胞没有破裂.纳米Fe0粒子浓度较高时对产乙烯脱卤菌群的脱氯有明显的促进作用,但会使产乙烯脱卤菌群物种多样性减少.     

东莞市大气亚微米粒子PM1及其中水溶性无机离子的污染特征

2011年8月—2012年7月期间,利用中流量(100 L·min-1)大气采样器对东莞市A和B两点(A:生活区,B:工业区)进行PM1、PM1~2.5、PM2.5~10采样,并定量分析颗粒物上F-、Cl-、NO-3、SO2-4、NH+4、Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+等9种水溶性无机离子.分析结果显示,工业区B点的细粒子污染较生活区A点严重,B点PM1质量浓度年均值为48μg·m-3,其浓度是A点的1.2倍.A、B两点PM1对PM2.5和PM10的质量贡献率无明显差异,平均贡献率分别高达69%和45%.二次离子SO2-4、NO-3、NH+4及与燃烧行为有关的K+、Cl-等5种离子在细粒子PM1上富集,这5种离子对PM1质量的贡献率分别为18.82%~19.76%、4.98%~5.47%、3.98%~4.12%、2.03%~2.27%和3.39%~3.78%.而其他4种离子,Ca2+、Mg2+、F-和Na+积聚在粗粒子PM2.5~10上.PM10/PM2.5/PM1三种粒子中,PM1粒子酸性值AE/CE(阴离子当量浓度/阳离子当量浓度)比值和硫转化率SOR、氮转化率NOR值均是最高.     

复合式淬火油烟收集净化系统在热处理车间的应用

设计适用于热处理车间淬火油烟的复合式收集净化处理系统,淬火油烟废气经独特的方式收集后,通过机械净化过滤系统、高压静电除油烟系统两级净化,监测结果表明,经过净化后排放气体指标符合国家和地方排放标准,具有广阔的应用前景。     

氧化铁纳米粒子对土壤呼吸作用的影响研究

为了解Fe2O3纳米粒子对土壤有机碳分解矿化能力的影响,本研究采用室内培养实验,探讨了Fe2O3纳米粒子对土壤呼吸作用的影响。结果表明,在土壤中添加Fe2O3纳米粒子能够增强土壤呼吸作用,当Fe2O3纳米粒子加入量为10 g·kg-1时,土壤呼吸作用最强。本研究表明Fe2O3纳米粒子具有增强土壤有机碳分解矿化的作用。     

生活垃圾源头沥水的减量提质效应研究

针对我国生活垃圾厨余组分含量高、含水率高和热值低的特点,提出以降低厨余组分含水率为主要手段,实现生活垃圾源头减量和提质为主要目标的源头沥水和选择性分质收集模式.在苏州市两个居民小区进行了为期10个月的项目试点,监测结果显示,居民家庭采取源头沥水措施后,生活垃圾产生量减少6.47%,含水率降低2.23%,低位热值提高10.94%.生活垃圾源头沥水的减量提质效应良好,有助于提高后续焚烧及填埋处理设施运行效率和二次污染控制水平,降低运输及处理成本.     

推动垃圾分类 政府责无旁贷

垃圾被称为“放错了位置的资源”,即使保守估计,我国城市每年丢弃的可回收垃圾价值也在300亿元左右。