茜素绿的微波无极紫外光降解及产物分析

以茜素绿为研究对象,探讨了蒽醌类染料在微波无极紫外灯光辐射下的降解行为。结果表明,茜素绿的脱色反应符合一级反应动力学规律,反应120 min后COD和TOC的去除率分别为65.79%和60.98%;采用荧光色谱仪和电子顺磁共振仪检测到降解过程中羟基自由基和超氧自由基为主要活性物种;利用红外光谱仪、离子色谱仪和电子喷雾质谱仪分析了反应过程中的中间产物;采用电喷雾等技术和离子色谱测定了茜素绿降解的中间产物,并推断了茜素绿微波紫外光降解可能的历程;采用大肠杆菌和锦鲤对溶液进行了生物毒性检测与评价,由于中间产物的产生降解溶液的毒性先升后降。     

Removal of Methyl Violet from aqueous solutions using poly （acrylic acid.co-acrylamide）/attapulgite composite

The adsorption of Methyl Violet (MV) cationic dye from aqueous solution was carried out by using crosslinked poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/attapulgite (Poly(AA-co-AM)/ATP) composite as adsorbent. The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the composite such as pH, concentration of the dye, temperature, contact time, adsorbent dosage, ionic strength and surfactant were systematically investigated. The equilibrium data fitted very well to the Langmuir isotherm and the maximum adsorption capacity reached 1194 mg/g at 30°C. The thermodynamic parameters including G0, △H0 and △S 0 for the adsorption processes of MV on the composite were also calculated, and the negative △H0 and △G0 confirmed that the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous. The kinetic studies showed that the adsorption process was consistent with the pseudo second-order kinetic model and the desorption studies revealed that the regeneration of the composite adsorbent can be easily achieved.     

三花紫菊的化学成分

从三花紫菊(NotoseristrifloraShih)(3)全草的甲醇提取物中分离鉴定出17个化合物,其中14个为倍半萜内酯dihydrosantamarine(1),sonchusideA(2),annuolidesD(3),ixerisosideD(4),11β,13-dihydro-hyporadiolide-8-0-(2-methylacrylate)(5),hyporadio1ide-8-0-(2-methylacrylate)(6),hypochoerolideG(7),hypochoerolideE(8),11β,13-di-hydrolactucin(9),cichoriosideB(10),jacquilenin(11),austricin(12),crepidiasideA(13)和crepidiasideB(14),另外3个化合物分别鉴定为3,5-二甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲醛(15),β-谷甾醇(16)和胡萝卜苷(17).上述化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到.图1表1参14     

春季高羊茅草坪节肢动物群落动态研究

从群落生态学的角度对草坪节肢动物群落动态变化作了初步探讨.通过对黄山学院校内草坪的调查,获得了关于草坪节肢动物群落的组成、个体数量及其物种数等数据.通过数据分析,得出草坪节肢动物群落是由植食类亚群落、捕食类亚群落、寄生及中性亚群落组成;对物种丰富度进行分析,为草坪害虫的综合防治提供了科学的理论依据.     

Synthesis and characterisation of potassium polytitanate for photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet

Potassium titanate nanostructures were synthesised by hydrothermal treatment of TiO2 （P25） in KOH and H2O2. As-produced powders were characterised by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption methods. Longitudinally-oriented-wire-like structures with a length up to several micrometres and diameters ranging from 10 to 30 nm were obtained. Larger size fibrous nanowires resulting from the hydrotherrnal treatment showed high affinity in adsorbing crystal violet （CV）, which was mainly due to their high surface area. The photocatalytic bleaching of CV solution revealed that the wires are photoactive under ultraviolet light irradiation. Macroporous nanowires are considered as effective adsorbents of CV, capable of photocatalvtic degradation, and they can be easily separated from the solution by settling.     

多氯联苯污染土壤的豆科-禾本科植物田间修复效应

选择豆科植物紫花苜蓿、禾本科植物黑麦草和高羊茅作为供试植物,初步探讨了这3种植物在单作和间作条件下对多氯联苯污染土壤的田间修复效应.结果表明,经过270 d的田间原位修复后,所有种植植物的处理中土壤多氯联苯的去除率均高于对照组,其中紫花苜蓿单作处理土壤中多氯联苯的去除率最高,达到59.6%.土壤多氯联苯同系物分析结果表明,所有种植植物的处理都降低了土壤中二氯联苯的比例.3种植物中紫花苜蓿的生物量最大,其根部积累的多氯联苯含量最高可达355.1μg/kg,显著高于黑麦草和高羊茅根中的含量.各处理对土壤中多氯联苯的提取修复效率依次为:紫花苜蓿单作紫花苜蓿-黑麦草-高羊茅间作紫花苜蓿-黑麦草间作黑麦草单作紫花苜蓿-高羊茅间作高羊茅单作.豆科植物紫花苜蓿是多氯联苯污染土壤田间原位修复的理想材料.     

固定化Burkholderia vietnamiensis C09V的生物材料同时去除结晶紫和Cr（Ⅵ）

利用生物材料固定化游离菌Burkholderia vietnamiensis C09V同时去除结晶紫(CV)和Cr(Ⅵ),并以游离菌和无菌小球作为对照.实验结果表明,固定化C09V菌小球能够同时吸附CV和Cr(Ⅵ),在42 h对CV(60.0 mg·L-1)和Cr(Ⅵ)(50.0 mg·L-1)的去除率分别为92.7%和25.9%,明显高于游离菌的75.6%和13.9%;而无菌小球在6 h时的去除率分别为83.9%和16.4%,且42 h后的去除率没有显著变化,说明固定化小球本身具有很好的吸附性能且能提高对结晶紫的去除效果.将无菌小球同时吸附CV和Cr(Ⅵ)试验进行伪二级动力学拟合,结果显示,无菌小球在10 h时达到吸附平衡,饱和吸附量分别为0.288 mg·g-1和0.082 mg·g-1,且R2均高于0.99.此外,通过EDS、SEM、FTIR、XPS分析,证明生物材料可同时吸附CV和Cr(Ⅵ),固定菌C09V可降解CV,并将Cr(Ⅵ)还原为Cr(Ⅲ).     

TiO_2催化降解结晶紫的降解历程探究

将一定体积的染料降解液和一定量的催化剂置于反应器中,以一定时间间隔取样,以反应液pH值对反应时间作图,考察反应过程中生成中间产物引起体系pH的变化;将一定体积的染料降解液和一定量的催化剂(TiO2)置于反应器中,以一定时间间隔取上层清液,于UV/VIS分光光度计上200nm～800nm扫描,观察各吸收峰位置、峰形及其强度的变化。推导结晶紫在被二氧化钛催化过程中可能的降解历程为:结晶紫降解过程可能先产生三芳基甲基自由基,而后生成的苯胺进一步降解,通过脱甲基、脱氨基、脱羧等反应最终生成氨、二氧化碳和水;也可能先发生脱烷基化反应,生成三对氨基苯基甲烷,而后生成的苯胺进一步降解,通过脱甲基、脱氨基、脱羧等反应最终生成氨、二氧化碳和水。     

紫贻贝体内麻痹性贝毒在自然条件下的排出

2009年4月中旬在大连大窑湾海域采集了750只含麻痹性贝毒的紫贻贝吊养于大连棋盘磨附近海域,使其体内麻痹性贝毒在天然海域内自净。研究结果表明:试验所用紫贻贝软体部中麻痹性贝毒以N-磺酰氨甲酰基类毒素C1/C2和膝沟藻类毒素GTX2/3为主,其中后者占总毒素的65.08%,且降解速度较快;消化腺中毒素成分复杂,毒素含量高,是紫贻贝体内麻痹性贝毒的主要富集器官,在排出过程中毒素含量变化复杂;紫贻贝闭壳肌中毒素成分以新石房蛤毒素neo-STX为主,占总毒素含量的96.59%,其在试验过程中并没有明显降低趋势,反而波动上升,实验结束时其含量增加了34.75μgSTXeq/100 g;在性腺、鳃、外套膜中没有检测到任何形式的麻痹性贝毒成分。