氯和紫外消毒过程中胞外抗性基因的产生特征

考察了城市污水氯和紫外消毒过程中不同物理形态的胞外抗性基因的产生行为与及微生物群落的关联特征.结果表明,氯消毒尽管使胞内抗性基因丰度下降,但使结合型胞外抗性基因丰度明显上升（0.7±0.1）log,而游离型胞外抗性基因丰度下降（0.2±0.1）log.紫外消毒也使胞内抗性基因下降,但使游离型胞外抗性基因显著上升（0.4±0.2）log,而结合型胞外抗性基因丰度下降（0.3±0.1）log.氯消毒后,结合型胞外DNA（a-eDNA）中变形菌门丰度下降而其他菌门的丰度上升,细菌多样性指数由4.2上升到4.7;而游离型胞外DNA（f-eDNA）中变形菌门上升了6.6%,多样性指数则从3.5降低到2.8.紫外消毒后,a-eDNA中变形菌门丰度下降了36.6%,多样性则上升到4.8,而f-eDNA中细菌丰度变化较小.分子生态网络分析揭示了抗性基因与细菌间广泛的寄存关系,tetA、tetX、sulI和sulII分别与17、15、15和5种菌属间存在共现性,表明抗性基因潜在宿主的变化是导致消毒后胞外抗性基因产生的关键原因.本研究表明氯和紫外消毒不能消除抗性基因风险,反而通过导致不同胞外抗性基因的大量产生,使风险的形式发生变化.     

EGSB-CANON工艺启动及动力学特性

采用EGSB（Expanded Granular Sludge Bed）反应器,在启动全程自养脱氮（CANON）工艺中通过改变曝气方式以及优化曝气/非曝气逐步实现CANON工艺的稳定运行.通过研究不同曝气/非曝气条件下CANON工艺的脱氮性能的变化,探究系统内不同污泥粒径中功能菌的活性,揭示EGSB反应器不同的运行条件以及系统内不同粒径的微生物聚集体在CANON工艺启动过程中的影响机制与菌群结构特性.结果表明,当恒定曝气量为0.5L/min,曝气/非曝气为2：1（60min：30min）时,实现了AerAOB（Aerobic Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria）与AnAOB（Anaerobic Ammonium-Oxidation Bacteria）协同脱氮的目的,并成功将NOB（Nitrite-Oxidizing Bacteria）的活性由3.41mgN/（h·gVSS）抑制到0.75mgN/（h·gVSS）.在对AnAOB的双底物（NO₂^--N和NH₄⁺-N）抑制动力学结果进行Haldane拟合时,得到NH₄⁺-N和NO₂^--N的半饱和常数（k_s）、抑制动力学常数（k_h）分别为106.8,331.9mg/L,272.4,66.61mg/L,相关性系数（R²）分别为0.98133和0.99142.在CANON污泥颗粒化形成过程中,污泥粒径在0.154~0.335mm范围内主要以AerAOB为主,污泥粒径在1mm以上主要以AnAOB为主.不同粒径下微生物聚集体的协同作用以及稳定的群落结构实现了CANON工艺的稳定运行.     

重稀土元素钇对短程反硝化工艺的影响

研究重稀土元素钇（Y（III））对短程反硝化工艺的短期和长期影响.结果表明,1~50mg/L的Y（III）对亚硝酸盐的积累量无明显影响,60~100mg/L的Y（III）会影响硝酸盐的还原和亚硝酸盐的积累.1~10mg/L的Y（III）对细菌活性呈现促进作用,20~100mg/L的Y（III）对细菌活性呈现抑制作用.胞外吸附的Y（III）是抑制细菌活性的主要因子,线性拟合的相关性系数R²为0.957,半抑制浓度IC_50（吸附）为1.079mg/L（以湿重计）,对应水中Y（III）浓度为54.35mg/L.SEM显示,添加Y（III）会使细菌产生更多的胞外聚合物（EPS）将细菌包裹以抵抗Y（III）的毒性,EDS显示被包裹的细菌表面碳、氮元素含量大幅度降低,EPS影响了底物的传质.130d的长期实验表明,5mg/L的Y（III）会使反应器的反硝化性能逐渐消失,停止添加稀土后,反应器的亚硝酸盐积累功能也不能恢复.     

二硫代羧基化羟甲基聚丙烯酰胺与Cu2+的螯合稳定性

以聚丙烯酰胺、甲醛、氢氧化钠、二硫化碳为原料制备了重金属螯合絮凝剂二硫代羧基化羟甲基聚丙烯酰胺（DTMPAM）,采用紫外分光光度法测定了DTMPAM与Cu²⁺形成的螯合物在不同Cu²⁺浓度、二硫代羧基（—CSS^-）浓度、不同pH值下的紫外吸收光谱,确定了螯合物的配位比,考察了螯合物DTMPAM-Cu在不同pH值、不同—CSS^-浓度下的稳定性,并计算了其稳定常数.结果表明,DTMPAM在207和226nm处出现最大吸收峰,而螯合物DTMPAM-Cu分别在220和260nm处出现最大吸收峰,最大吸收峰发生红移.在不同的—CSS^-（3.0×10^-5~6.0×10^-5mol/L）浓度和pH值（3.0~9.0）下,DTMPAM中的—CSS^-与Cu²⁺的螯合比均为2：1;当—CSS^-浓度为3.0×10^-5~6.0×10^-5mol/L时,DTMPAM-Cu的螯合稳定常数对数值lgβ₂在10.5725~11.4473之间,随着—CSS^-浓度增大,螯合稳定常数略有减小.不同pH值下,DTMPAM-Cu的螯合稳定常数各不相同,当体系pH值为3.0~5.0时,随着pH值的升高,DTMPAM-Cu的稳定常数逐渐升高,当pH值为6.0~9.0时,DTMPAM-Cu的稳定常数整体上略有所降低.     

假微型海链藻对不同氮培养条件的响应

本文选取假微型海链藻为目标微藻,研究其在不同氮源（硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、铵盐和尿素）和氮饥饿条件下的生长速率和光合作用,以期为阐述海洋微藻对近岸复杂多变的氮环境适应机制提供依据。结果表明,在氮饥饿条件下,假微型海链藻的种群生长受阻,细胞内色素分解,光合作用被显著抑制;在不同氮源条件下,假微型海链藻均能生长但表现出不同的生长模式,但高浓度的铵盐能够对其产生抑制,各条件下藻细胞叶绿素a、叶绿素c 和总类胡萝卜素含量在指数生长期无显著差异,而在平台末期,尿素处理组各色素水平显著提高;假微型海链藻光系统Ⅱ的不同光合作用参数在实验末期均表现为铵盐处理组显著高于其他处理组。综上所述,假微型海链藻能够利用不同氮源进行生长,但在不同氮源条件下,种群增长的变化模式与光合作用的响应并不一致,由此推测假微型海链藻在不同氮源条件下光合作用并不是导致其生长模式差异的主要原因。     

利用助剂法降低催化裂化再生烟气SOx排放

由于加工原油重质比，SOx排放问题日益严重，为满足环保法规要求，我们应用了硫转移助剂，并进行了相关的技术及经济分析。     

内分泌干扰类农药生物检测技术的研究进展

内分泌干扰类农药会严重影响人类和其他动物的健康,而生物检测技术是内分泌干扰类农药的快速、简便的检测方法.本文介绍了内分泌干扰类农药常用的生物检测方法与技术,主要包括活体试验、离体试验与非细胞试验,并比较了各种方法的优缺点,列举了各方法在国内外环境激素测评中的应用现状,为我国内分泌干扰类农药生物检测技术的开发与应用提供了...     

自然生态系统中含硫气体的产生机理与环境归趋

基于当前可获得的与该课题相关的资料 ,本文综述了陆地生态系统产生挥发性含硫气体的微观和宏观机理过程。讨论了控制生物硫气体产生的环境因素。阐述了含硫气体释放进入大气后的环境归趋     

Effects of bio-organic fertilizers on pineapple heart rot and bacterial community structure北大核心CSCD

Heart rot is a common soil-borne disease in the pineapple industry, but the situation can be alleviated by the application of bio-fertilizers with beneficial microbiomes. Clarifying the controlling mechanism of bio-organic fertilizer on the high incidence of heart rot is critical in monocultural pineapple cropping patterns. In our study, the soil of continuous cropping pineapple orchards was collected. Three types of carriers (rapeseed cake, peat soil, and coconut bran), biocontrol strains (Bacillus subtilis HL2 and Streptomyces strain HL3), and organic fertilizer (YJ) were composted into different bio-fertilizers (KC, KN, KY, LC, LN, and LY), which were used in pot experiments. The controlling effect of the bio-fertilizer was determined based on the response of pineapple heart rot and bacterial communities to different fertilizing methods. Our results revealed that the incidence of heart rot in bio-fertilizer KC was the lowest, which decreased by 20% and 13.3%, respectively, compared to HF (chemical fertilizer, 16-16-16) and YJ (organic fertilizer). The richness and diversity of soil bacterial communities in all biofertilized treatments (KC, KN, KY, LC, LN, and LY) were significantly higher than those in HF. However, the α-diversity indices of the bio-fertilizers (KC, KN, and KY) were higher than those of LC, LN, and LY, and the bacterial community composition was significantly different. The bacteria GP4, GP6, Bacillus, and Azohydromonas were enriched in KC, KN, and KY, while the relative abundance of Streptomyces increased significantly in LC, LN, and LY. Furthermore, Spearman correlation analysis showed that the relative abundance of these bacterial groups was significantly negatively correlated with the incidence of pineapple heart rot. In summary, the application of bio-organic fertilizers can decrease the incidence of pineapple heart rot by altering the soil bacterial community structure and stimulating beneficial soil microorganisms, which is important for reconstructing the ecological balance in continuous pineapple orchards. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.     

Quantity and activity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria and their contribution to ammonia oxidation in farmland soil of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau北大核心CSCD

Ammonia oxidation, the first and rate-limiting step of nitrification, is mainly performed by ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). However, the activities of AOA and AOB in soil and their relative contribution to ammonia oxidation are unclear, and whether there is a significant correlation between the quantity of AOA and AOB and the ammonia oxidation rate is also controversial. In this study, quantitative PCR combined with acetylene (C2H2) and 1-octyne inhibition methods were used to determine the quantity and activity of AOA and AOB in wheat, highland barley, and oilseed rape soils in Nyingchi, Lhatse, Sangzhuzi, and Sangri counties on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The results showed that the quantity of AOB ((2.34 ± 0.84) ×105 - (2.65 ± 1.07) ×106 copies g-1 dry soil) was significantly higher than that of AOA ((0.20 ± 0.10) ×104 - (4.02 ± 0.39) ×104 copies g-1 dry soil) in all the soil samples. Soil pH was the key factor affecting the quantity of AOB, and the total phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen in soil were the key factors affecting the quantity of AOA. The rates of ammonia oxidation in the farmland soils of Lhatse (2.42 ± 0.73 mg kg-1 d-1) and Sangzhuzi (3.24 ± 1.15 mg kg-1 d-1) were significantly higher than those in the soils of Nyingchi (1.17 ± 0.43 mg kg-1 d-1) and Sangri counties (0.88 ± 0.57 mg kg-1 d-1). The rates of ammonia oxidation in the farmland soils of Lhatse and Sangzhuzi were dominated by AOB, while those in the farmland soils of Nyingchi and Sangri counties were dominated by AOA. For crops, the ammonia oxidation rates of wheat and oilseed rape soils in all four regions were significantly higher than those of highland barley soil, whereas the activity of AOA and AOB was not influenced by crops. The ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus was the key factor influencing AOA activity, whereas soil pH and total carbon were the main factors influencing AOB activity. Additionally, the quantities of AOA and AOB were not significantly correlated with the total ammonia oxidation rates and AOA and AOB activity. Overall, our study suggests that both AOA and AOB play important roles in ammonia oxidation in farmland soils of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Moreover, it is unreliable to predict the activity of AOA and AOB and their relative contribution to ammonia oxidation directly based on their number of amoA genes, and the activity of AOA and AOB should be directly and accurately measured. These results are important for understanding ammonia nitrogen removal processes, slowing nitrate loss, and reducing the emission of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide in the farmland ecosystem of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.