微生物絮凝剂对高浓度重金属离子废水絮凝作用研究

文章研究了胶质芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mucilaginosus)产生的微生物絮凝剂(MBF)对高浓度重金属离子模拟废水的絮凝作用。采用的方法是将10mLMBF分别加入到100mL含Fe3+、Al3+、Pb2+、Zn2+、Ca2+和Mg2+的模拟废水中,分析MBF对不同重金属离子(浓度范围100~1000mg/L)模拟废水的絮凝作用。结果表明,不同重金属离子模拟废水经MBF处理后,出现明显不同的絮凝现象;随着废水重金属离子浓度增大,絮凝处理效率降低;废水经MBF处理后pH值比原水pH值下降。研究结果为进一步研究微生物絮凝剂处理含重金属离子废水提供参考资料。     

微生物絮凝剂的絮凝机理及应用研究

微生物絮凝荆是一种新型的絮凝剂,本文对微生物絮凝剂的絮凝机理,影响微生物絮凝剂形成的因素及其在环境工程中的应用进行了综述,并对其发展问题做了探讨.     

高锰酸盐复合剂强化混凝对水中天然有机物的去除机制研究

利用流动电流、絮凝脉动颗粒检测技术、分子量分布及XAD树脂分类技术对高锰酸盐复合剂强化混凝去除水中天然有机物的机制进行了研究.结果表明,高锰酸盐复合剂提高了硫酸铝的混凝效果,投加0.75 mg/L高锰酸盐复合剂后,较单独投加硫酸铝对天然有机物的去除率可提高13个百分点.流动电流(SC)检测结果表明,高锰酸盐复合剂使有机物表面所带的负电性减弱,稳定性降低.如单独投加60 mg/L硫酸铝时SC值为55.2,而投加0.50、 0.75和1.0 mg/L的高锰酸盐复合剂预氧化处理后,SC值分别升高至61.4、 69.6和87.0.投加高锰酸盐复合剂后,絮凝指数增加,表明高锰酸盐复合剂及反应过程中生成的新生态水合二氧化锰对混凝起到了强化作用.分子质量分布及XAD树脂分类结果表明,高锰酸盐复合剂提高了混凝过程对小分子质量和亲水性有机物的去除能力,如硫酸铝混凝后亲水性有机物的含量为1.90 mg/L,而投加高锰酸盐复合剂后,可使其含量降至1.32 mg/L.     

Optical monitoring of particle aggregates

Methods for monitoring particle aggregation are briefly reviewed. Most of the techniques are based on some form of light scattering and may be greatly dependent on the optical properties of aggregates, which are not generally known. As fractal aggregates grow larger their density can become very low and this has important practical consequences for light scattering. For instance, the scattering coe cient may be much less than for solid objects, which means that the aggregates can appear much smaller than their actual size by a light transmission method. Also, for low-density objects, a high proportion of the scattered light energy is within a small angle of the incident beam, which may also be relevant for measurements with aggregates. Using the “turbidity fluctuation” technique as an example, it is shown how the apparent size of hydroxide flocs depends mainly on the included impurity particles, rather than the hydroxide precipitate itself. Results using clay suspensions with hydrolyzing coagulants and polymeric flocculants under di erent string conditions are discussed.     

强化絮凝法处理含油浮渣的实验研究

针对炼油污水厂浮选池浮渣的性质和特点,采用强化絮凝法对浮渣进行了实验研究.结果表明:强化絮凝更适合浮渣脱水,在KMnO4投加量为700 mg/L,FeCl3投加量为3 g/L,PAC投加量为700 mg/L,pH值为9,CPAM投加量为190 mg/L的条件下,浮渣含水率降低为78.48%,比单独使用CPAM降低5.38%,浮渣减量化明显,可为当前单独使用CPAM处理含油浮渣的污水厂进行升级改造提供参考.     

荣山选煤厂煤泥水处理系统改造及絮凝剂选择

针对四川广元荣山选煤厂煤泥水处理系统存在处理能力低、洗水浓度高等缺点,改造原有煤泥水处理系统,选择合理的絮凝剂,并介绍改造所取得的效果.     

硫酸铁絮凝剂对洗毛废水净化效果研究

洗毛废水是一种高浓度有机废水,稳定性较强,难以被微生物分解,通过加入硫酸铁[Fe2(SO4)3]可以有效改变废水的稳定性,起到絮凝作用,从而去除洗毛废水中CODCr.试验结果表明:Fe2(SO4)3的最佳加入质量浓度为5 g/L,絮凝时间大于12 h后能强化CODCr的去除效果,增加15%的CODCr去除率,把溶液的pH值控制在5～6左右絮凝效果最好.     

微生物絮凝剂对微颗粒高岭土悬浊液的絮凝特性

从活性污泥和土壤中分离、筛选得到66株微生物絮凝剂产生菌,研究分析了其中具有较好絮凝性的8株菌种所产絮凝剂对高岭土悬浊液中粒径小于1 μm的高岭土颗粒粒度分布的影响情况,并且研究了微生物絮凝剂投加量和助凝剂CaCl2对高岭土悬浊液粒度分布的影响.研究结果表明微生物絮凝剂对于粒度大小为0.200～0.300 μm的高岭土悬浮颗粒的絮凝效果最佳,絮凝剂投加量的变化对高岭土悬浊液粒度分布有一定的影响,助凝剂在一定的投加浓度范围内对微生物絮凝剂絮凝有明显的促进作用.     

Quantification of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in enrichment cultures by quantitative competitive PCR

The anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (ANAMMOX) bacteria were enriched from a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR). A quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction (QC-PCR) system was successfully developed to detect and quantify ANAMMOX bacteria in environmental samples. For QC-PCR system, PCR primer sets targeting 16S ribosomal RNA genes of ANAMMOX bacteria were designed and used. The quantification range of this system was 4 orders of magnitude, from 103 to 106 copies per PCR, corresponding to the detection limit of 300 target copies per mL. A 312-bp internal standard was constructed, which showed very similar amplification e ciency with the target amxC fragment (349 bp) over 4 orders of magnitude (103–106). The linear regressions were obtained with R2 of 0.9824 for 103 copies, 0.9882 for 104 copies, 0.9857 for 105 copies and 0.9899 for 106 copies, respectively. Using this method, ANAMMOX bacteria were quantified in a shortcut nitrification/denitrification-anammox system which was set for piggery wastewater treatment.     

絮凝剂产生菌的培养条件优化

从呼和浩特市污水处理厂筛选分离了1株高效絮凝剂产生菌YS2,通过培养条件优化试验确定了该菌株产絮凝剂的最佳培养条件：碳源为蔗糖,氮源为脲、碳氮比为2．5：1、初始pH值为6．0．培养温度为30℃。絮凝试验表明：该菌株产生的生物絮凝剂对高岭土悬浊液有良好的絮凝效果,絮凝率达到95％。絮凝活性分布试验表明其絮凝活性全部存在于离心沉降物中,而上清液没有絮凝活性。16S rDNA测序鉴定其为克雷伯氏菌G。