稳健GM(1,1)模型在工业固废产生量预测中的应用

本文提出了稳健灰色模型,并用该模型建立了山东省工业固体废物产生量数学模型。结果表明,稳健ＧＭ（１,１）模型比通常的ＧＭ（１,１）模型更具预测应用价值。     

氢化物发生—原子荧光法测定河水中硒(Ⅳ)硒(Ⅵ)

在河水样品４ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ介质中硒生成氢化物,用氢化物发生法测定硒（Ⅳ）含量。将样品的４ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ溶液在沸水中加热还原硒（Ⅵ）至硒（Ⅳ）测定总量。总硒量减去硒（Ⅳ）量,分别求得硒（Ⅳ）和硒（Ⅵ）含量     

Indoor and outdoor BTX levels in Barcelona City metropolitan area and Catalan rural areas

Five aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, and three isomeric xylenes) were monitored in indoor and outdoor air of 7 public buildings and 54 private homes, located in Barcelona City metropolitan area and in several rural areas of Catalonia. The sampling was carried out over four periods: spring-summer and winter of 2000, and summer and winter of 2001. Passive ORSA 5 Dra¨ger samplers were used for benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX) adsorption. BTX were extracted with carbon disulphide and analysed using ...     

Improved speciation of dissolved organic nitrogen in natural waters: amide hydrolysis with fluorescence derivatization

The objective of this study was to improve primary-amine nitrogen (1°-N) quantification in dissolved organic matter (DOM) originating from natural waters where inorganic forms of N, which may cause analytical interference, are commonly encountered. Efforts were targeted at elucidating organic-N structural criteria influencing the response of organic amines to known colorimetric and fluorescent reagents and exploring the use of divalent metal-assisted amide hydrolysis in combination with fluorescence analyse...     

Adsorption of mercury on laterite from Guizhou Province, China

The adsorption behaviors of Hg(Ⅱ) on laterite from Guizhou Province,China,were studied and the adsorption mechanism was discussed.The results showed that different mineral compositons in the laterite will cause differences in the adsorption capacity of laterite to Hg(Ⅱ).Illite and non-crystalloids are the main contributors to enhancing the adsorption capacity of laterite to Hg(Ⅱ).The pH of the solution is an important factor affecting the adsorption of Hg(Ⅱ) on laterite.The alkalescent environment (pH 7-9) ...     

Residues of organochlorine pesticides in surface soils from college school yards in Beijing, China

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been a major environmental issue, attracting much scientific concern because of their nature of toxicity, persistence, and endocrine disrupting effects. Soil samples were collected from ten college school yards in Beijing in 2006 and analyzed to determine fifteen OCPs. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) were found to be the main pollutants, accounting for 93.70% of total OCPs, followed by hexachlorohexanes (HCHs) (2.25%) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) (1.82%). Content...     

环境中纳米塑料的分离与检测

微塑料作为环境中一类新兴污染物备受关注.然而对于尺寸更小的纳米塑料,尽管毒性效应被不断发现,但其在真实环境中的存在水平和检测技术还鲜有报道.本文评述了有限研究中纳米塑料分离和检测方法的优点与局限,并依据现阶段纳米污染物分析方法存在的问题,对相关方法的未来发展进行了展望.     

羧甲基纤维素改性纳米钯铁双金属去除水中2,4-二氯苯酚的影响因素及机理

利用液相还原法制备了纳米零价铁(nZVI)、纳米钯铁双金属(Pd/Fe)、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)改性nZVI(CMC-Fe)和CMC改性钯铁双金属(CMC-Pd/Fe)4种铁基纳米材料，并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对其进行了表征。研究了这4种材料对水中2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP)的表观去除率，考察了铁基纳米材料投加量、Pd负载量、溶液初始pH及污染物浓度等因素对CMC-Pd/Fe去除2,4-DCP的影响，并探讨了可能的作用机理。结果表明，在4种材料中，CMC修饰的CMC-Pd/Fe的分散性最好，粒径明显小于未用CMC修饰的nZVI和Pd/Fe。4种材料对2,4-DCP的表观去除率为CMC-Pd/Fe>CMC-Fe>Pd/Fe>nZVI。随着CMC-Pd/Fe投加量和Pd负载量的增加，CMC-Pd/Fe对2,4-DCP的表观去除率增大，而随着2,4-DCP浓度的升高，CMC-Pd/Fe对2,4-DCP的表观去除率下降。当溶液初始pH=3、5和7时，CMC-Pd/Fe对2,4-DCP的表观去除率分别为94.34%、99.50%和96.62%;...     

《大众科学》评出8大“绿色发明”

美国《大众科学》杂志近期评选出了2007年100项最佳发明，其中有8项绿色科技方面的发明备受关注，其中纳米太阳能电池片居绿色科技发明之首，形成引领科学界的环保风。     

天然水中过氧化氢生成及其光化学反应的研究进展

在综合近４０年来国外对天然水（地表水、大气水滴及降水）中过氧化氢研究成果的基础上，重点从天然水中过氧化氢的含量和分布、生成机理以及光化学反应三方面，对这一领域的研究进展作了综述。