崇西湿地冬季潮滩鱼类种类组成及多样性分析

根据2006年冬季在崇西湿地进行的光滩和草滩插网渔获调查,首次对冬季长江口潮滩鱼类种类组成、多样性及相关环境因子作了分析。结果表明：冬季崇西湿地潮滩鱼类主要由淡水小型鱼类组成,共23种,隶属7科,20属。光滩和草滩插网的最大优势种皆为油,两种网具的渔获种类组成具一定的相似性。在一个潮周期内,3种多样性指数D、H′ 和J值波动范围较大,小汛潮时多样性指数比其它潮汛低。白天和晚上潮水的鱼类种类数无显著变化（P>0.5）,但在个体数和生物量上白天较晚上潮水高（P<0.5）。水温、潮汐大小对潮滩鱼类丰度影响较大,而与盐度相关较小。此外,天气状况也是影响潮滩鱼类的一个重要因子。总之,潮滩鱼类的种类组成和多样性受到各种环境因子的综合影响。     

Comparative study of heavy metal and pathogenic bacterial contamination in sludge and manure in biogas and non-biogas swine farms

The objective of this study is to determine and compare the heavy metal (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb) and bacterial (E. coli, coliform and Salmonella spp.) contamination between swine farms utilizing biogas and non-biogas systems in the central part of Thailand. Results showed that average levels of E. coli, coliform, BOD, COD, Zn, Cu and Pb in sludge from the post-biogas pond were higher than the standard limits. Moreover, the levels of E. coli, coliform, Cd and Pb were also higher than the standard limits for dry manure. The levels of E. coli, coliform and BOD on biogas farms were lower than on non-biogas farms. Following isolation of Salmonella spp:; it was found that Salmonella serovars Rissen was the most abundant at 18.46% (12/65), followed by Anatum 12.31% (8/65), and Kedougou 9.23% (6/65). The pathogenic strains of Salmonella serovars Paratyphi B var. java and Typhimurium were present in equal amounts at 4.62% (3/65) in samples from all swine farms. This study revealed that significant reduction in E. coli and coliform levels in sludge from covered lagoon biogas systems on swine farms. The presence of Salmonella as well as Cd and Pb, in significant amount in dry manure, suggests that there is a high probability of environmental contamination if it is used for agricultural purposes. Thus, careful waste and manure disposal from swine farms and the regular monitoring of wastewater is strongly recommended to ensure the safety of humans, other animals and the environment.     

广西近岸海域水质自动监测系统组成及其性能检测

广西近岸海域水质自动监测系统是一套以在线自动分析仪器为核心,运用现代传感器技术、自动测量技术、自动控制技术、计算机应用技术以及相关的专用分析软件和通讯网络所组成的一个综合性的在线自动监测体系。该系统可自动实现采样、分析、记录、数据处理及远距离数据传输等在线过程。文章介绍了该系统组成情况及其性能检测要点。     

产表面活性剂根际菌协同龙葵修复镉污染土壤

从某矿区重金属污染的土壤中分离筛选出一株能产生物表面活性剂的根际细菌LKS06,经生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列分析,将其鉴定为假单孢菌属(Pseudomonas sp.LKS06).生物学特性的测定表明,菌株LKS06对多种重金属有很高的耐受性,且具有分泌吲哚乙酸、产铁载体和ACC脱氨酶活性的能力,并对土壤重金属...     

新型专性厌氧菌利用葡萄糖进行发酵产氢的实验研究

采用批式发酵法对厌氧产氢菌株Bacteria.P利用葡萄糖发酵,在底物浓度、初始pH值、接种比例等不同培养条件下的产氢能力进行了研究。结果表明:专性厌氧菌P是一种高效产氢的菌株,在葡萄糖质量浓度为10 g/L、初始pH为6.0、接种比例为1∶20时,发酵气体总产量和细胞干重达到最大值,分别为485 mL和0.836 g/L。     

燃煤电厂脱硫粉煤灰理化特性及排放特征

以徐州某电厂脱硫粉煤灰为研究对象,分别研究了脱硫粉煤灰的粒径分布、微观形态、矿物组成和元素含量4方面的物理化学特性,并在此基础上研究了该电厂脱硫粉煤灰颗粒及其中所含元素的排放特征.结果显示,该电厂粉煤灰颗粒物以拉径在3～45 μm的颗粒为主,数量占80％以上,并以表面光滑的球形颗粒居多,并含有少量表面附着小颗粒晶体的球形颗粒和表面有孔的球形颗粒,以及一些不规则颗粒,其主要的矿物组成是莫来石和石英.该电厂粉煤灰颗粒物的排放因子达到了1.95 kgt.粉煤灰的元素组成选取了Mn,Zn,Cr,Cu,Pb,Ni,Cd 7种元素,其中Mn在粉煤灰中的含量最高,相对应的Mn元素的排放因子也高,达到了125.04 g/t.由于该厂粉煤灰含有一定量的重金属元素,随意堆放和处理会对人体和环境产生一定的影响,因此必须做好粉煤灰的处理与处置,降低粉煤灰对人体和环境的危害作用.     

东胜区三台基水库水质细菌的鉴定

为了初步探索环境微生物的快速测定法,提升应对微生物污染突发事件的能力,本文运用美国BD公司的细菌鉴定系统对东胜区三台基水库水质细菌进行了鉴定。结果共鉴定出6种细菌,其可信度分别为95.7、99．1、94．3、98．7、98．5、和99．2。结果表明该系统快速、准确、可靠,可以作为环境微生物分类鉴定和微生物污染突发事件应急监测的依据。     

长江口邻近海域沉积物中厌氧氨氧化细菌分布特征研究

海洋生态系统氮素循环对维持海洋生态收支平衡具有重要意义,由厌氧氨氧化细菌(anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,ANAMMOX Bacteria)推动的厌氧氨氧化过程是海洋氮素移除的重要途径.本研究采用荧光定量PCR(q PCR)技术,并结合环境理化因子,分析了2011年夏季长江口邻近海域沉积物中厌氧氨氧化细菌的种群丰度分布特征.结果表明,厌氧氨氧化细菌的种群丰度在长江口邻近海域的空间分布与环境因子密切相关,总有机碳含量、盐度、铵盐浓度对长江口邻近海域沉积物中厌氧氨氧化细菌的种群丰度具有重要调控作用.厌氧氨氧化细菌的丰度分布与总有机碳含量呈显著正相关关系(P0.01,r=0.69),同时又随亚硝酸盐浓度、溶解氧浓度的升高而降低,而盐度对厌氧氨氧化细菌丰度分布的影响较为复杂.     

炼厂污水处理泡沫的产生及其处理方法

在炼厂污水处理过程中,生化系统活性污泥曝气池中产生泡沫现象是一种常见问题,主要是由于放线菌和丝状菌菌属的异样生长所造成。通过理论与实践探索,发现污水温度、pH值、溶解氧、污泥停留时间是影响泡沫产生的重要因素。泡沫的产生影响水处理的日常操作、装置运行、出水水质等,其处理方法有物理法、投加化学药剂、生物控制等,其中生物控制法是最优方法。     

Reduction and characterization of bioaerosols in a wastewater treatment station via ventilation

Bioaerosols from wastewater treatment processes are a significant subgroup of atmospheric aerosols. In the present study,airborne microorganisms generated from a wastewater treatment station(WWTS) that uses an oxidation ditch process were diminished by ventilation.Conventional sampling and detection methods combined with cloning/sequencing techniques were applied to determine the groups,concentrations,size distributions,and species diversity of airborne microorganisms before and after ventilation. There were 3021 ± 537 CFU/m3 of airborne bacteria and 926 ± 132 CFU/m3 of airborne fungi present in the WWTS bioaerosol.Results showed that the ventilation reduced airborne microorganisms significantly compared to the air in the WWTS. Over 60% of airborne bacteria and airborne fungi could be reduced after4 hr of air exchange. The highest removal(92.1% for airborne bacteria and 89.1% for fungi) was achieved for 0.65–1.1 μm sized particles. The bioaerosol particles over 4.7 μm were also reduced effectively. Large particles tended to be lost by gravitational settling and small particles were generally carried away,which led to the relatively easy reduction of bioaerosol particles0.65–1.1 μm and over 4.7 μm in size. An obvious variation occurred in the structure of the bacterial communities when ventilation was applied to control the airborne microorganisms in enclosed spaces.