洱海湖滨带不同基底高程下菰出苗及生长特征

为研究洱海不同类型湖滨带菰(Zizania caduciflora)的出苗及生长的特征,在2010年3月和6月(菰的主要出苗和生长季节)调查洱海湖湾型和非湖湾型湖滨带不同基底高程上菰生物量、密度、植株叶片数、植株高度等的变化,分析洱海水位变化的影响.结果表明:随着湖滨带基底高程的降低,洱海湖滨带菰的密度、生物量、单株叶片数呈先增高后快速降低趋势,株高则呈增大后基本不变的趋势;从株密度及生物量看,随着3—6月洱海水位的降低,湖湾型和非湖湾型湖滨带菰生长的最适基底高程都随之下降,3月为1 964.85 m,6月为1 964.55 m,所对应的水深均为0.3 m.3月和6月湖湾型湖滨带能够出苗良好的基底高程比非湖湾型分别低了0.3和0.6 m;随着水位的下降,湖湾型湖滨带菰出苗良好的范围向水下延伸,但在非湖湾型湖滨带,出苗良好的最低高程几乎不变.湖湾型和非湖湾型湖滨带菰出苗和生长的差异显示出其影响因素不同,在湖湾型湖滨带,水深动态变化是主要影响因子,而在非湖湾型湖滨带,风浪作用和水深动态变化存在共同作用.     

流化床工艺在水处理中的应用研究进展

流化床工艺是一种工程应用前景广阔的处理技术,近年来该技术备受水处理研究者的青睐。已经研究出了多种反应器结构和工艺组合,如鸟粪石结晶流化反应器、三相生物流化床,具有结构紧凑、反应速度快,易于操作的优点。根据废水中污染物的去除机理将流化床归为流化床结晶反应器和流化床生物反应器两大类,论述该工艺在含磷、含氟、含硫废水,印染废水,农药废水及其他工业废水中的应用研究现状,展望了流化床反应器的发展趋势。     

Synthesis and characterisation of potassium polytitanate for photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet

Potassium titanate nanostructures were synthesised by hydrothermal treatment of TiO2 （P25） in KOH and H2O2. As-produced powders were characterised by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption methods. Longitudinally-oriented-wire-like structures with a length up to several micrometres and diameters ranging from 10 to 30 nm were obtained. Larger size fibrous nanowires resulting from the hydrotherrnal treatment showed high affinity in adsorbing crystal violet （CV）, which was mainly due to their high surface area. The photocatalytic bleaching of CV solution revealed that the wires are photoactive under ultraviolet light irradiation. Macroporous nanowires are considered as effective adsorbents of CV, capable of photocatalvtic degradation, and they can be easily separated from the solution by settling.     

Phosphorus recovery from wastewater by struvite crystallization：Property of aggregates

Struvite crystallization is a promising method to remove and recover phosphorus from wastewater to ease both the scarcity of phosphorus rock resources and water eutrophication worldwide. To date, although various kinds of reactor systems have been developed, supporting methods are required to control the struvite fines flushing out of the reactors. As an intrinsic property, aggregation is normally disregarded in the struvite crystallization process, although it is the key factor in final particle size and therefore guarantees phosphorus recovery efficiency. The present study developed a method to analyze the characteristics of struvite aggregates using fractal geometry, and the influence of operational parameters on struvite aggregation was evaluated. Due to its typical orthorhombic molecular structure, struvite particles are prone to crystallize into needle or rod shapes, and aggregate at the corners or edges of crystals. The determined fractal dimension(Dpf) of struvite aggregates was 1.52–1.31, with the corresponding range of equivalent diameter(d0.5) at 295.9–85.4 μm. Aggregates formed in relatively low phosphorus concentrations(3.0–5.0 mmol/L) and mildly alkaline conditions(pH 9.0–9.5) displayed relatively compact structures, large aggregate sizes and high aggregation strength. Increasing pH values led to continuous decrease of aggregate sizes, while the variation of Dpfwas insignificant. As to the aggregate evolution, fast growth in a short time followed by a long steady stage was observed.     

壳聚糖吸附印染废水中结晶紫效果的研究

研究了壳聚糖对染料结晶紫的吸附条件,探讨了壳聚糖添加量、结晶紫溶液初始浓度、温度等因素对壳聚糖吸附性能的影响。结果表明,随着壳聚糖添加量的增加,其对结晶紫的吸附能力也增强;吸附量随结晶紫初始质量浓度的增加而增大,溶液中结晶紫的去除率随其初始浓度的增加也呈缓慢增加趋势;随着吸附温度从30℃升高到50℃,壳聚糖对结晶紫溶液的平衡吸附量有所减少。壳聚糖对结晶紫的吸附动力学符合Lagergren方程二级吸附模型和Elovich方程,吸附过程的表观活化能（Ea）为7．24kJ／mol。     

羟基磷酸钙结晶除磷研究进展

磷是造成水体富营养化的关键因素,同时也是日益枯竭的资源。羟基磷酸钙(HAP)结晶除磷技术既能去除废水中的磷,又能实现磷的高效回收,具有可观的经济效益与环境效益,在国内外受到广泛的关注和研究。在阐述HAP结晶除磷原理的基础上,对HAP结晶过程、反应条件进行归纳与总结,系统分析了结晶反应过程中p H、Ca/P、晶种材料以及共存杂质等对HAP结晶的影响,并指出当前HAP结晶除磷技术存在的问题,对未来的研究和发展趋势提出展望。     

膜工艺在垃圾填埋场高盐渗滤液处理中的应用

采用“预处理+膜处理(NF、RO)”工艺对山东省某大型垃圾填埋场高盐渗滤液进行处理,水回收率达70%,出水水质满足《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB 16889-2008)规定的污染物排放限值;经过浓缩减量化系统处理后,产生的NF浓缩液和RO浓缩液做分类单独收集,方便后续浓缩蒸发结晶及其他处理工艺的实施。     

水泥基类渗透结晶型耐酸防腐涂料在火电厂脱硫砖烟囱防腐中的运用

根据湿法脱硫烟囱的特点,系统介绍水泥基类渗透结晶结构性烟囱耐酸防腐涂料作为新型烟囱防腐材料的应用与维护。     

韶钢4号烧结烟气脱硫系统结晶控制的研究

以韶钢4号烧结烟气脱硫系统为例,通过对工艺原理及实际操作情况的分析,讨论了氧化镁-亚硫酸镁烟气脱硫系统结晶控制方法。结果表明,正确控制系统各项指标,能够使系统结晶有序进行,从而减少或消除系统异常结晶情况。该方法可作为氧化镁-亚硫酸镁烟气脱硫系统结晶有效控制的参考方法。     

滇池受损湖滨带堤岸处置及基底修复工程技术研究

1970年滇池实施了规模浩大的围海造田工程,使滇池湿地面积减少约23.8 km2,使湖滨带原有的天然湿地大量消失,水生动植物栖息地不复存在,1980-1990年间,滇池环湖修建防浪堤113 km,使湖滨带生境条件进一步急剧恶化,彻底切断了湖泊水体生态系统和陆地生态系统的连续性,消落带消失,湖滨带湿生、挺水和沉水等大型水生植物难以生存,湖泊生态系统遭到重创,对湖泊生态系统带来极其不利的负面影响,文章重点分析了滇池湖滨陡岸带防浪堤处置及基底修复对湖滨带生态修复的重要作用及技术研究,为受损湖泊湖滨带生态修复创造良好的生境条件提供借鉴。