如何防止压力容器延性破裂

<正>延性破裂是指压力容器在内部压力作用下,器壁上产生的应力达到材料的强度极限而发生的变化。它是在器壁上发生大量塑性变形之后产生的。延性破裂的主要特征是:器壁有明显的塑性变形;在较高的应力水平下破坏(达到或超过材料的屈服强度);不产生碎片,只裂开一个小口(其大小与破裂时释放能量有关);断口为灰暗色的纤维状,无金属光泽,断口不齐整;常温下发生;危害性小,可以预防。压力容器产生延性破裂的主要原因是容器在使用中超     

全氟化合物在碳纳米管上的吸附研究

研究了3种全氟化合物：全氟辛烷磺酸盐（PFOS）、全氟己烷磺酸盐（PFHxS）、全氟辛酸（PFOA）在原碳纳米管（Pri—MWCNTs）和氧化型碳纳米管（O—MWCNTs）上的吸附行为．研究结果显示,3种全氟化合物在两种碳管上的吸附均呈明显的非线性;全氟化合物的等温吸附曲线均符合Freundlich及Langmuir模...     

地铁车站挡烟垂壁对火灾烟气流动的影响分析

采用湍流数值模拟的方法,对火灾情况下,北京地铁一、二号线中的典型单层岛式车站公共区加装挡烟垂壁前后的多个工况进行了数值模拟,数值模拟几乎完全根据现有实际物理边界,而且考虑了列车和灯光发热、人员发热以及人员对流动的影响.通过数值模拟,得到了设置挡烟垂壁前后车站温度场和烟气的流动情况.结果表明,北京地铁一、二号线老式岛式车...     

不稳定煤层区域柔性掩护支架采煤法的应用

本文根据急倾斜不稳定煤层的赋存条件,运用伪倾斜柔性掩护支架采煤法工艺取得了较好的经济效益和安全效益。     

循环流化床脱硫工艺运行中常见问题浅析

循环流化床脱硫是目前国内应用最多的(半)干法脱硫技术,但经过多年的运行也暴露出诸如系统可靠性差、循环灰装置易堵塞、湿壁、系统能耗大、运行费用高、脱硫率低等问题。本文就循环流化床脱硫工艺在实际运行中存在的问题进行了分析讨论。     

生产水缓冲罐覆盖气消耗问题研究与解决

文章主要介绍了曹妃甸油田FPSO上注水缓冲罐覆盖氮气异常消耗及对油田工艺流程的影响,随之进行了原因分析,提出了解决方案,并最终实施现场改造,有效的解决了由于覆盖氮气异常消耗而发生的相关问题,为以后类似相关问题的解决提供了借鉴。     

Catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol with functionalized carbon materials as catalysts：Reaction mechanism and pathway

The development of highly active carbon material catalysts in catalytic wet air oxidation（CWAO）has attracted a great deal of attention. In this study different carbon material catalysts（multi-walled carbon nanotubes,carbon fibers and graphite） were developed to enhance the CWAO of phenol in aqueous solution. The functionalized carbon materials exhibited excellent catalytic activity in the CWAO of phenol. After 60 min reaction,the removal of phenol was nearly100% over the functionalized multi-walled carbon,while it was only 14% over the purified multi-walled carbon under the same reaction conditions. Carboxylic acid groups introduced on the surface of the functionalized carbon materials play an important role in the catalytic activity in CWAO. They can promote the production of free radicals,which act as strong oxidants in CWAO. Based on the analysis of the intermediates produced in the CWAO reactions,a new reaction pathway for the CWAO of phenol was proposed in this study. There are some differences between the proposed reaction pathway and that reported in the literature. First,maleic acid is transformed directly into malonic acid. Second,acetic acid is oxidized into an unknown intermediate,which is then oxidized into CO2 and H2O. Finally,formic acid and oxalic acid can mutually interconvert when conditions are favorable.     

双信号细胞电化学法检测氯酚类的毒性

以多壁碳纳米管和离子液体复合修饰电极(MWCNTs-IL/GCE)为工作电极,运用线性扫描伏安法(LSV)研究了人乳腺癌(MCF-7)细胞的电化学行为,检测到了2个明显的氧化峰,其氧化峰电位分别为0.725 V和1.038 V.结合4种嘌呤碱基与模型细胞的电化学行为比较与高效液相色谱分析,确定细胞的电化学响应来源分别为细胞质中黄嘌呤与鸟嘌呤、次黄嘌呤与腺嘌呤的电化学氧化.基于2个响应信号峰电流的变化,研究了五氯酚(PCP)、2,4,6-三氯酚(TCP)和2,4-二氯酚(DCP)对MCF-7细胞的毒性效应,根据剂量-效应关系曲线计算半数抑制效应浓度(IC50)值,并与四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)比色法进行比较.结果发现,氯酚类污染物对MCF-7细胞活性有明显抑制作用,细胞电化学法与MTT法测得细胞毒性顺序均为:PCPTCPDCP,表明细胞电化学法可以快速、准确地评价氯酚类污染物的细胞毒性.该研究结果可从核苷酸代谢角度为危害化学品的安全无标记、准确客观的毒性评价方法建立提供新思路.     

Preparation, characterization and application of thiosemicarbazide grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes for solid-phase extraction of Cd(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) in environmental samples

Thiosemicarbazide-grafted multi-walled carbon nanotubes were prepared and employed to investigate the pre-concentration of Cd（Ⅱ）, Cu（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ） from aqueous solution prior to their determination by ICP-OES. The resulting material was characterized by FT-IR, TGA and SEM. Various factors influencing the separation and pre-concentration were investigated. The enrichment factor typically is 60. Under optimized experimental conditions, the maximum adsorption capacities of Cd（Ⅱ）, Cu（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ） were found to be 1.98, 10.94, 3.69 mg/g, and the relative standard deviations are 〈 3.5% （n = 6）. The new adsorbent shows superior reusability and stability. The procedure was successfully applied to the determination of trace quantities of Cd（Ⅱ）, Cu（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ） in water samples.     

碳纳米管修饰电极对苯二酚3种异构体的研究

文章应用循环伏安法(CV)研究了邻苯二酚(CC)、对苯二酚(HQ)和间苯二酚(RS)在多壁碳纳米管修饰的玻碳电极(MWNTs/GCE)表面的电催化氧化行为,同时对pH、扫描速度、温度等试验条件的影响也进行了研究。结果表明:MWNTs/GCE电极对CC、HQ和RS均表现出较好的电催化和电分离作用;在高浓度HQ和RS存在条件下,CC的氧化峰电流在0.05～7.00mmol/L范围内与浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数R²=0.9989;修饰电极实现了对实际废水中苯二酚三种异构体的同时测定。