基于物联网技术的滑坡监测数据自动采集系统研究∗

针对传统滑坡监测数据采集系统布线困难、自动化程度低、成本高等问题,设计了一种基于物联网技术的滑坡监测数据自动采集系统。该系统以 ZigBee 无线传感器网络、无线通信技术为核心,通过布置在滑坡体上的传感器节点采集数据。利用 ZigBee 协议和互联网将数据实时传输到监控中心,使相关工作人员及时掌握滑坡体信息。 以三峡库区八字门滑坡为例,分析了该滑坡当前监测手段的不足,建立了八字门滑坡的物联网监测系统,分别对系统的硬件组成和软件程序进行设计。针对节点能量供应和数据远程传输问题,提出将太阳能供电系统和北斗短报文模块应用到数据采集系统来弥补野外条件的不足。结合八字门滑坡的地形地质条件,优化了滑坡测点的布置方案,并开发了数据采集界面以实现监测数据的自动采集和直观显示。     

我国已建立大气污染联防联控技术示范区

正科技部社会发展科技司司长马燕合2014年3月3日表示,我国已在珠江三角洲建立了大气污染联防联控技术示范区,组建了覆盖区域的大气环境质量监测预警网络,形成了区域空气质量管理体系等运行机制.马燕合表示,该示范区是继美国加州和欧洲之后,全球第3个类似的大气污染联防联控技术示范区.可实现对珠     

Review on water leakage control in distribution networks and the associated environmental benefits

Water supply is the primary element of an urban system. Due to rapid urbanization and water scarcity, maintaining a stable and safe water supply has become a challenge to many cities, whereas a large amount of water is lost from the pipes of distribution systems. Water leakage is not only a waste of water resources, but also incurs great socio-economic costs. This article presents a comprehensive review on the potential water leakage control approaches and specifically discusses the benefits of each to environmental conservation. It is concluded that water leakage could be further reduced by improving leakage detection capability through a combination of predictive modeling and monitoring instruments, optimizing pipe maintenance strategy, and developing an instant pressure regulation system. The environment could benefit from these actions because of water savings and the reduction of energy consumption as well as greenhouse gas emissions.     

Fast increasing of surface ozone concentrations in Pearl River Delta characterized by a regional air quality monitoring network during 2006-2011

Based on the observation by a Regional Air Quality Monitoring Network including 16 monitoring stations, temporal and spatial variations of ozone(O3), NO2and total oxidant(Ox) were analyzed by both linear regression and cluster analysis. A fast increase of regional O3concentrations of 0.86 ppbV/yr was found for the annual averaged values from 2006 to 2011 in Guangdong, China. Such fast O3increase is accompanied by a correspondingly fast NOx reduction as indicated by a fast NO2 reduction rate of 0.61 ppbV/yr. Based on a cluster analysis, the monitoring stations were classified into two major categories – rural stations(non-urban) and suburban/urban stations. The O3concentrations at rural stations were relatively conserved while those at suburban/urban stations showed a fast increase rate of 2.0 ppbV/yr accompanied by a NO2 reduction rate of 1.2 ppbV/yr. Moreover, a rapid increase of the averaged O3 concentrations in springtime(13%/yr referred to 2006 level) was observed, which may result from the increase of solar duration, reduction of precipitation in Guangdong and transport from Eastern Central China. Application of smog production algorithm showed that the photochemical O3production is mainly volatile organic compounds(VOC)-controlled. However, the photochemical O3production is sensitive to both NOx and VOC for O3pollution episode. Accordingly, it is expected that a combined NOx and VOC reduction will be helpful for the reduction of the O3 pollution episodes in Pearl River Delta while stringent VOC emission control is in general required for the regional O3 pollution control.     

浅议浙江省辐射环境监测网络建设

面对新形势和新要求,进一步推进浙江省辐射环境监测网络建设是加强核与辐射安全监督管理、有效预警和及时处置突发核与辐射事故的必要基础。本文报道了浙江省辐射环境监测网络的建设情况和现状,初步分析了辐射环境监测网络存在的问题以及加强建设的建议。     

我国基于互联网进行环境治理的现状问题及建议(下篇)

本文初步探讨了互联网时代环境治理的特征,系统分析总结了我国现阶段各社会主体基于互联网开展环境治理的现状及问题,并对我国政府环保部门如何推动互联网时代环境治理改革提出建议。此文为下篇。     

网络传播环境下的沉默螺旋和反沉默螺旋现象分析——以天涯论坛和《非你莫属》为例

沉默的螺旋理论作为传播学的基础理论,在传播学界关于舆论学的研究中享有极高的声誉。随着互联网的普及,民众越来越多的通过网络表达意见,这一理论在理论和实践上都受到了一定的质疑,出现了反沉默螺旋理论。本文运用内容分析法,通过对具体案例的考察和分析,阐述了现代网络传播环境下沉默螺旋和反沉默螺旋并存的现象。     

环境管理中的信息沟通措施

从系统论、信息论的角度,探讨了违法排污事件屡禁不止的原因,并分析了当前环境管理系统中信息传递存在的问题,提出了完善当前环境管理系统信息链的具体措施。     

基于RBF神经网络模型的砂土液化震陷预估法

以我国海城地震、唐山地震和日本新漏地震中建筑物地基的液化震陷实测资料为基础,地震动方面选取地震烈度,,上部结构特征方面选取基底压力P、基础类型r、宽深比BD。和建筑物的长高比L/H,地基土方面选取土的相对密度Dr、上覆非液化土层厚度Da、地下水位dw,共8个影响建筑物地基震陷的主要因素作为神经网络模型的输入参数,地基震陷量与液化土层的深度之比SD作为神经网络模型的输出,采用径向基函数神经网络模型建立建筑物地基的液化震陷预估模型,并利用该模型建立了因素影响趋势线,通过对该神经网络模型的建立、运行和检验,得到了各因素对砂土液化引起的地基震陷量大小的若干影响规律。     

建筑火灾烟流运动特性网络模型的求解收敛性

分析了运用网络模型模拟建筑火灾烟流的计算过程,通过总结影响网络模型求解精度及收敛性的关键因素,改进了原烟流预测软件对建筑物各开口的净、正、负质量流量的算法。改进后的模型消除了振荡效应,模拟结果曲线平滑稳定,实现了运用网络模型对多室建筑物烟流特性的模拟计算。