IEC 61000-4-2中ESD间接放电实验一致性研究

国际电工委员会标准IEC 61000-4-2：2001修改了对位于受试设备下方的水平耦合板施加放电的试验方法。按照新的试验方法对3种不同厂商生产的静电放电模拟器在水平耦合板上产生的电场和磁场的一致性进行了研究比较。实验结果表明,距离放电点较近时,不同模拟器之间产生的场的差异很大,而距离放电点较远时,不同模拟器之间的差异变小,可以通过增大放电间距来改善不同模拟器之间的一致性;提高放电电压,可使不同模拟器之间的差异进一步减少。     

氧化剂与新型絮凝剂协同去除酸性大红的研究

选取浓度为25mg/L的酸性大红-GR溶液为模拟染料废水,采用氧化-絮凝耦合工艺,探索了氧化剂种类、絮凝剂种类、废水pH值、氧化剂和絮凝剂投加量对氧化-絮凝耦合处理酸性大红染料的影响,确定最佳处理条件为:酸性大红溶液初始pH值不变,高锰酸钾和PTSS的投加量分别为为20mg/L和10mg/L(以钛离子计),脱色率和COD去除率均最大,分别为96.3%、56.5%。通过FTIR光谱扫描、絮体的显微形貌观察、酸性大红和新型絮凝剂聚硅硫酸钛(PTSS)的表面电动电位随pH值的变化的测定,分析了氧化-絮凝耦合法的反应历程:高锰酸钾破坏酸性大红的发色基团后,自身被还原成新生态二氧化锰胶体;二氧化锰胶体吸附酸性大红及其氧化产物,并被无机高分子絮凝剂PTSS通过电中和及架桥网捕等作用卷裹成絮体。     

完整物理过程下南黄海浮游生态动力学数值研究I.模型建立

为了对南黄海进行生态动力学模型研究,不但需要选取合理的生态变量和生化过程及过程参数,而且还需要模型能够客观地再现该海域关键的物理过程.在建立波浪-环流-潮流共同作用的中国近海水动力模型的基础上,建立完整物理过程下的南黄海三维浮游生态动力学模型,旨在通过数值模拟认识南黄海的生态动力特征,并探讨关键的物理过程对生态的影响,特别是潮流和波浪混合对浮游植物时空分布的作用机制.本文先给出理论模型及模型配置.     

江苏省工业废水排放及其与环境污染治理投资的耦合关系研究

研究了1990年-2007年江苏省工业废水排放与经济增长的动态关系,结果表明1990年-2007年江苏省工业废水排放量呈现在波动中略有上升的趋势,年均增长率显著低于GDP的增长速度,工业废水并未与经济同步增加;采用库兹涅茨曲线对废水排放量与人均GDP之间的关系进行拟合发现,目前江苏省人均GDP已经超过转折点水平,因此今后一段时期随着经济的发展,废水排放量呈现下降趋势,说明江苏省环境治理取得了一定的效果;同时,研究表明江苏省各县（市、市辖区）工业废水排放大多呈现下降趋势,排放量最高区集中于苏南一带,而环境治理投资全省呈现上升趋势,全省环境治理投资额增长速度较快,以苏北地区最为明显;研究还发现废水排放量与投资额的空间耦合关系日益密切,体现了江苏省对环境治理的力度在逐步加大。     

Characterizing spatial distribution and sources of heavy metals in the soils from mining-smelting activities in Shuikoushan, Hunan Province, China

The spatial variation of heavy metals in the soils in Shuikoushan mining-smelting area, Hunan Province, China, was investigated using multivariate and geo-statistic analysis. A total of 106 composite soil samples were collected in an area of about 100 km2. Concentrations of total As, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu and Cr were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Arsenic and Pb were found to have a common source, indicating the same sources and spreading processes, such as aerosols and airborne particulates from smelting chimneys. Airborne sources from smelting chimneys contributed greatly to Cd in the area, which demonstrated the same dispersion pattern as As and Pb. However, two hot spots of Cd around smelters were possibly enlarged by wastewaters, demonstrating another important source of Cd in Shuikouhsan. Geo-statistic interpolated mapping demonstrated that hotspots of Zn were only found proximal to the large smelters, suggesting that Zn primarily came from the chimneys of larger smelters. The major Cu hot-spots appeared closely to the tailing dam, indicating that weathering and leaching of tailings were the major sources of Cu contamination in Shuikoushan. Our findings indicated that airborne volatile particles and aerosols contributed the most to As, Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu contamination, while Cd and Cu may also derive from the discharge of wastewater from smelters and the leaching of tailings, respectively.     

基于农户层次的陕北黄土丘陵区农业生态经济系统耦合关系研究

农业生态经济系统耦合是一个复杂的过程,是潜变量与潜变量、潜变量与可测变量及可测变量之间相互作用的结果,结构方程模型的建立很好地描述了这一复杂关系。通过对吴起县、安塞县和宝塔区共建的中尺度生态农业建设试验示范区、米脂县等3个典型区域所代表的黄土丘陵区及其各个区域农业生态经济系统结构方程模型的建立与运算,结果表明:在"退耕还林还草工程"等外力作用下,农业生态经济系统运行模式基本揭示了农业产业与农业资源相互耦合这一本质规律,但现状耦合模式并未充分利用农业资源,系统耦合效果较低。农业产业与农业资源对系统耦合的影响系数分别为0.54和0.16,农业产业和农业资源之间的相关系数只有0.28,即农业资源没有很好地支撑产业的发展,导致农业生态经济系统耦合效果不明显,存在着局部相悖的态势,潜伏了林草资源与其相关产业链网缺失现象。为此,需要强化农业产业与农业资源的互动过程,特别要发展林草及其相关产业,促进林草资源的有效利用,促使系统耦合效果的不断提高,增加经济效益。     

海伦地区水热耦合特征及其对大豆产量的影响

农业是受气候变化影响的主要敏感行业之一,气候变暖带来的气温升高以及降水格局的改变对农作物生产有利有弊。论文基于黑龙江海伦地区1978—2004年生长季≥10℃有效积温、降水量和统计年鉴中的大豆产量数据,以积温和降水在季节上的匹配程度作为判断水热耦合的指标,采用气候波动指数、减产风险指数作为大豆产量受气候波动影响程度的指标,研究了在生长季降水量下降和≥10℃有效积温增加的趋势下水热耦合的年际和年内变化特征及其对大豆产量的影响,并分析了偏干旱、正常和湿润年份大豆产量受气候波动影响的特征和减产风险性。结果表明,大豆气候波动指数和产量减产风险指数从大到小均依次为偏干旱年、偏湿润年和正常年,说明海伦地区受气候暖干化影响较大。     

Evaluation of phosphorus removal from wastewater by soils in rural areas in China

Low-cost, easy-maintenance and high-e ciency decentralized wastewater treatment technologies are urgently needed in rural areas of China. Processes with high potential for phosphorus removal are of great interest. However, commonly used treatment methods often do not meet the strict criteria for removing phosphorus from rural wastewater. In order to search an economic and simple technology for phosphorus removal from the common bio-technologies e uent, seven soil types collected from di erent rural areas in China were investigated for their ability to remove phosphorus. X-ray di raction (XRD) was used to analyse the mineral structure, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) was used to analyse the geochemical composition of the soil samples. Three primary minerals – quartz, albite and montmorillonite – were clearly detected. The samples were divided into two soil types, acidic soils and alkaline soils, based on their pH values. The geochemical composition study indicated that a higher percentage of Ca and Mg occurred in alkaline soils (pH > 8) than in acidic soils (pH < 6.5). Adsorption isotherms from batch experiments fitted the Langmuir and Freundlich models well, the maximum P adsorption capacities ranged from 0.256 to 1.598 mg P/g, indicating a high phosphorus removal potential for all of these soils. The P fractions extracted revealed that the sum of NaOH-extracted inorganic P (NaOH-Pi) was the major P component in the acidic soils, and CaCO3-bound phosphorus (Ca-P) in the alkaline soils. Dynamic adsorption simulation showed that these soils have the ability to remove phosphorus from wastewater.     

海水中痕量元素测定及其在重金属污染源判别方面的应用

利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)研究了胶州湾及莱州湾这两个海域中痕量元素污染水平,发展了ICP-MS海水环境中痕量元素的测定方法,同时找出海水环境中具有保守性的数种元素作为污染示踪元素.达到对于海水环境中痕量污染物被动示踪的目的.对18个真实样品进行了识别率试验,识别率可达90%以上,在选取3个海水样品及1个河水样品混合后的模拟分担率实验,也取得了满意的结果,其误差平均值仅有1.17%.     

CFP(青色荧光蛋白)大肠杆菌用于表征好氧-厌氧反复耦合反应器细胞溶解特性的研究

构建了采用青色荧光蛋白(CFP)大肠杆菌快速示踪好氧-厌氧反复耦合(rCAA)反应器内溶胞特性的新方法.研究结果表明,rCAA反应器厌氧区域内的污泥上清液以及反应器后部好氧区域内的污泥上清液对大肠杆菌内CFP的释放具有明显的促进作用,说明这些区域的污泥上清液具有显著的溶菌作用.其中,厌氧区域污泥上清液对荧光细菌作用7h后的平均破碎率可以达到70%,且大肠杆菌胞内CFP的释放速度与初始荧光菌浓度以及污泥上清浓度有密切的关系.同时,研究结果进一步表明,厌氧区域污泥上清液具有的溶菌活性可能主要来自于污泥胞外的水解酶.