聚乙烯聚丙烯树脂及废料的热解

研究了聚乙烯聚丙烯树脂及废料的热解过程中,裂解温度对气相产物的收率及组成,液相产物的收率及汽油馏分、柴油馏分、重油馏分的分布,热解残碳收率的影响,将树脂与废料的热解产物及收率进行对比,结果显示：同一热解温度下,树脂与废料热解的液相产物组成及收率基本相同;树脂在４００℃～５００℃热解,液相产物的收率在９０％～９４％之间,无显著区别。     

固定化甲烷八叠球菌(Methanosarcina)研究——厌氧颗粒污泥的形成

用实验室规模的UASB反应器处理豆制品废水培养厌氧颗粒污泥。通过对颗粒污泥形成过程中的产气率、进出水COD、水滞留期（HRT）、进出水挥发酸（乙酸、丙酸和丁酸）浓度、所产气体的甲烷含量等的变化分析和对颗粒污泥中优势产甲烷菌的扫描（SEM）和透射（TEM）电镜观察,阐明颗粒污泥的形成过程及特性。实验结果表明,消化器运转50d左右形成了颗粒污泥,厌氧颗粒污泥形成期间的平均产气率为5.3L/L·d,最高产气率达到了8.1L/L·d,进水和出水COD分别为3000～5500mg/L和800～3000mg/L,平均HRT为10.4h,平均出水乙酸、丙酸和丁酸浓度分别为264.1、519.8和104.6mg/L,所产气体的平均甲烷含量为60.6％,颗粒污泥为黑色,直径0.5～3.0mm不等,沉降速率为119.6m/h,其中的优势产甲烷菌为鬃毛甲烷菌（Methanosaeta）,而甲烷八叠球菌（Methanosarcina）存在甚少。     

DM（1）模型用于地表水COD浓度预测

常规ＧＭ（１，１）是一个指数模型，应用于多样环境系统有一定的局限性。本文根据某地表水中ＣＯＤ浓度的时序数据，建立了ＧＰＭ（１）预测模型。结果表明ＧＰＭ（１）模型优于常规ＧＭ（１，１）模型。它拓宽了ＧＭ（１，１）模型在环境单变量时序系统中的应用范围，为环境系统的拟合、预测和决策提供了新的途径。     

利用分子生物等技术确定活性污泥硝化细菌的衰减特征

通过常规耗氧速率（OUR）测定方法、荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）和LIVE/DEAD细胞活性实验,分别研究了序批式反应器（SBR）硝化系统和生物营养物去除（BNR）系统中硝化细菌的好氧衰减特征.实验结果表明,SBR硝化系统中硝化细菌在衰减过程中由细胞死亡引起的衰减分别占细胞总衰减的33%（SRT=10 d）和50%（SRT=40 d）;相应地,由活性降低引起的衰减分别占细胞总衰减的67%（SRT=10 d）和50%（SRT=40 d）.长SRT可能会选择出能够更好地适应饥饿状态的硝化菌种,使细菌能够迅速地做出紧迫反应,从而降低其衰减速率.在BNR系统中（SRT=15 d）,硝化细菌在衰减过程中由细胞死亡引起的衰减约占细胞总衰减的45%,由活性降低引起的衰减约占细胞总衰减的55%.两种系统中硝化细菌由细胞死亡引起的衰减比例不同是由于两种系统中不同微生物组成所致.     

三氯苯酚对A^2／O工艺污泥产率的影响

应用2,4,5-三氯苯酚（TCP）作为化学解偶联剂投加到A2／O工艺中进行试验,在A^2／O连续流工艺中研究TCP不同投加方式对试验的影响,结果表明：在保持TCP总投加量相同的情况下,采用大剂量一次性投加的污泥减量效果比小剂量分次投加的效果好。即每两天投加240mg TCP,污泥产量比对照下降了67．10％,而每天投加120mg TCP,污泥产量比对照仅下降了35．90％。A^2／O工艺中COD的去除能力有所下降,当一次性投加240mgTCP时,COD的去除率比对照下降了26．80％,但出水氨氮和总氮的浓度未受多大影响,磷的去除率有些下降,SVI有所上升,但是没有严重影响污泥的沉降性能。     

Effects of advanced oxidation pretreatment on residual aluminum control in high humic acid water purification

Due to the formation of disinfection by-products and high concentrations of Al residue in drinking water purification, humic substances are a major component of organic matter in natural waters and have therefore received a great deal of attention in recent years. We investigated the effects of advanced oxidation pretreatment methods usually applied for removing dissolved organic matters on residual Al control. Results showed that the presence of humic acid increased residual Al concentration notably. With 15 mg/L of humic acid in raw water, the concentrations of soluble aluminum and total aluminum in the treated water were close to the quantity of Al addition. After increasing coagulant dosage from 12 to 120 mg/L, the total-Al in the treated water was controlled to below 0.2 mg/L. Purification systems with ozonation, chlorination, or potassium permanganate oxidation pretreatment units had little effects on residual Al control; while UV radiation decreased Al concentration notably. Combined with ozonation, the effects of UV radiation were enhanced. Optimal dosages were 0.5 mg O3/mg C and 3 hr for raw water with 15 mg/L of humic acid. Under UV light radiation, the combined forces or bonds that existed among humic acid molecules were destroyed; adsorption sites increased positively with radiation time, which promoted adsorption of humic acid onto polymeric aluminum and Al(OH)3(s). This work provides a new solution for humic acid coagulation and residual Al control for raw water with humic acid purification.     

长江中游岸线资源与开发利用适宜性评价分析

长江中游岸线资源丰富,开发利用价值较大。通过充分分析长江中游岸线资源特征与地质环境条件,从地质学角度构建港口码头、过江隧道与过江大桥等重大工程建设适宜性评价模型,运用层次分析法（AHP）划定出三种工程类型一级岸线（适宜）、二级岸线（较适宜）、三级岸线（一般适宜）与四级岸线（非优先开发）区域范围。由结果可知：长江中游岸线港口码头以非优先开发区域为主,长度合计931.47 km,占岸线总长的46.71%;过江隧道与过江大桥以较适宜开发、一般适宜开发区域为主,较适宜开发、一般适宜开发区长度合计分别为1550.75 km、1224.18 km,占岸线总长的77.77%、61.39%。最后,针对三种工程类型适宜性等级特征提出相应地学对策建议,为重大工程部署规划提供地学理论依据,促进长江中游岸线资源科学合理开发利用与有效保护,以期推动长江经济带发展与国土空间规划,保护大长江持续健康发展。     

Comparison of a plant based natural surfactant with SDS for washing of As(Ⅴ) from Fe rich soil

This study explores the possible application of a biodegradable plant based surfactant, obtained from Sapindus mukorossi, for washing low levels of arsenic （As） from an iron （Fe） rich soil. Natural association of As（Ⅴ） with Fe（Ⅲ） makes the process difficult. Soapnut solution was compared to anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate （SDS） in down-flow and a newly introduced suction mode for soil column washing. It was observed that soapnut attained up to 86% efficiency with respect to SDS in removing As. Full factorial design of experiment revealed a very good fit of data. The suction mode generated up to 83 kPa pressure inside column whilst down-flow mode generated a much higher pressure of 214 kPa, thus making the suction mode more efficient. Micellar solubilisation was found to be responsible for As desorption from the soil and it followed 1st order kinetics. Desorption rate coefficient of suction mode was found to be in the range of 0.005 to 0.01, much higher than down-flow mode values. Analysis of the PT-IR data suggested that the soapnut solution did not interact chemically with As, offering an option for reusing the surfactant. Soapnut can be considered as a soil washing agent for removing As even from soil with high Fe content.     

便携式渗漏检测装置在填埋场防渗层完整性检测的应用

利用基于双电极法的偶极子检测和基于电极栅格法的区块化检测装置,对重庆某生活垃圾填埋场进行了防渗层高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)膜完整性检测.结果表明:偶极子在漏洞附近时,其周围电势分布会出现正负突变;区块化检测利用网格铺设电极和上位机软件解析可以精确定位漏洞位置.基于高压直流电法的便携式渗漏检测系统,在填埋场铺设防护层的条件下能够有效地检测到直径约1 cm的漏洞,并且能够对漏洞进行精确定位.对 2种不同电学方法的验证表明,电极栅格法比双电极法测量范围大、精度高.      

Cu(Ⅱ)离子在Micrococcus luteus细菌上的吸附机理

采用红外光谱分析法、扫描电子显微镜－X射线能量散射光谱和离子交换实验探讨了Cu（Ⅱ）离子与Micrococcus luteus细菌可能的作用机理。结果表明，Cu（Ⅱ）离子与细菌中常见离子如K^ ，Na^ ，Mg^2 和Ca^2 之间存在着离子交换作用，但并不是唯一的，同时还存在着Cu（Ⅱ）离子与带负电荷细菌表面的静电吸引作用，当溶液pH值较高时，Cu（Ⅱ）离子又可能形成氢氧化物微沉淀沉积在细胞表面。