聚乙烯亚胺接枝壳聚糖基六价铬印迹衍生物的制备及其选择吸附性能

以壳聚糖(CTS)微球为基材,通过定向接枝将多胺高分子树枝状聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)修饰于CTS结构,并通过离子印迹改性方法制得PEI接枝 CTS基Cr (Ⅵ)印迹衍生物(I-CTS-PEI)。优化了制备工艺条件：在第一步Schiff 碱合成中甲苯为最优溶剂;第二步戊二醛复合溶液预反应最佳条件为V_戊二醛∶m _PEI=1∶1(L/g),反应时间30 min,反应温度50 ℃;在Cr (Ⅵ)印迹改性过程中,交联剂环氧氯丙烷最佳用量为8 mL。表征结果显示,Cr (Ⅵ)是通过静电引力吸附在I-CTS-PEI 表面。当I-CTS-PEI 交联度为84%时,Cr (Ⅵ)选择吸附性最大。     

高压聚乙烯装置料仓闪燃隐患综合治理

介绍了茂名石化分公司化工事业部高压聚乙烯装置料仓闪燃隐患治理的情况.根据存在的问题从两个方面进行了改造:采用多重管重力掺混技术,降低气相粉尘浓度,减少静电积聚;在料仓底部增设通风口,增加氮气、空气反吹管等,减少可燃气体积聚.     

Influence of stabilizers on the antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles introduced into natural water

Physical, chemical and biochemical properties of silver nanoparticles(AgNPs) depend to a great extent on their size, shape, size distribution, and stabilizers located on their surface. This study focused on two typical stabilizers, namely citrates(cit), low molecular ions protecting nanoparticles by electrostatic repulsion, and polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP), a hydrophilic, neutral, high molecular polymer protecting nanoparticles by steric stabilization. Natural bacterioplankton was collected from a eutrophic, downtown lake and exposed to five concentrations(0.1–5 mg/L) of AgNPs-PVP and AgNPs-cit. Responses were monitored after 1, 3, 5 and 7 days of exposure, by evaluating the survival rate of bacteria, their respiratory activity, and the general activity of extracellular esterases. A significantly better(greater) survival rate of bacterioplankton was observed in water with an addition of AgNPs-cit. The inhibition of extracellular esterases was observed only in samples containing AgNPs-PVP. The inhibitory effect increased proportionally to the concentration of AgNPs-PVP applied. Within the studied concentration range, there was no statistically significant inhibition of bacterioplankton respiratory activity by AgNPs-PVP and AgNPs-cit.     

Determination of VOCs in groundwater at an industrial contamination site using a homemade low-density polyethylene passive diffusion sampler

A home-made inexpensive passive diffusion bag （PDB） sampler, prepared by filling deionized water in low-density polyethylene （LDPE） tubes, was evaluated for volatile organic compounds （VOC） sampling in groundwater at industrial contamination sites. Impacts of environmentally relevant conditions on the sampling equilibration time and partitioning of VOCs between the sampler and the water sample were investigated. Sample salinity, agitation and temperature can influence the equilibration time, but generally sampling equilibration was obtained in 14 days under real field sampling of VOCs in groundwater. Both laboratory study and field testing in a contaminated site showed that the VOC concentrations in the developed sampler were equal to those in the water samples at equitibrium. Coupled with a purge and trap concentrator-gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer （P＆T-GC-MS）, the developed PDB sampler provided a low-cost sampling device for routine monitoring of VOCs in groundwater in wells, with LODs in the range of 2.9-10 μg/L. The proposed PDB was applied to determine VOCs in groundwater at an industrial contamination site, and the present results agreed well with those determined using conventional pump-and-sample monitoring. All the studied 13 VOCs were tested in the four wells in the industrial contamination sites, with their concentrations in the range of 12-73660 μg/L. In addition, while benzene and toluene were heavily contaminated up to a maximum concentration of 74000 μg/L and 6000 μg/L, respectively, 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene and bromobenzene had relatively low contamination levels （below 25 μg/L）.     

高密度聚乙烯微塑料胁迫对棉花生长、枯萎病发生和根际细菌群落的影响

塑料地膜,尤其是聚乙烯地膜,在我国农业生产中广泛使用,而其降解形成的微塑料也逐渐在土壤中累积,带来诸多环境问题.目前,农田土壤中微塑料的环境生物学效应已有诸多报道,但微塑料对作物生长、病害发生和根际土壤细菌群落的影响研究较少.前期研究发现1%高密度聚乙烯微塑料（HDPE,500目）处理土壤会提高棉花枯萎病发病率（33.3%）,并且抑制棉花生长,而土壤灭菌处理后未发现此现象,推测HDPE通过改变土壤微生物群落,影响棉花生长和枯萎病发生.因此,拟通过高通量测序技术,结合网络分析和FAPROTAX功能分析,探究HDPE对棉花根际土壤细菌群落结构、互作网络和功能的影响,解析HDPE的作用机制.NovaSeq测序显示HDPE处理的棉花根际细菌群落由54个门,472个属组成,门与属组成数量均少于无菌水处理土壤.α、β多样性和ANOSIM/Adonis分析表明,HDPE显著降低细菌群落的丰富度,并改变群落结构组成.基于T-test分析差异物种,HDPE显著降低土壤中具有潜在生物防治、污染物降解和抗真菌药物合成功能菌属的相对丰度,如Kribbella、Massilia、Hailiangium和Ramlibacter等.细菌群落的改变导致土壤细菌功能的变化,进一步通过FAPROTAX功能分析可知,HDPE弱化棉花根际土壤细菌部分生物化学功能,如化能异养、发酵和硝酸盐还原等.属水平物种相关性网络分析表明HDPE处理减弱了根际细菌间的相互作用,减少正相关连接数,增加负相关连接数,简化网络结构,改变关键菌群.以上结果表明HDPE可通过改变棉花根际细菌群落、相互作用与功能代谢,影响棉花的生长与枯萎病发生,可为评价聚乙烯微塑料生态风险与污染土壤修复提供指导.     

石墨炉原子吸收法测海水中Cu,Pb,Cd方法的改进

用聚乙烯塑料瓶萃取，石墨炉原子吸收法测海水中Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ。简化操作，提高样品检测结果的精密度与准确度。     

双衬层污水池渗漏检测系统的应用研究

近年来,污水处理成为环境保护的热点话题,对污水池进行实时监测防止对环境造成污染是必要的安防手段。通过对污水池结构及电学特性的分析,建立了双衬层污水池渗漏检测系统。利用高压直流电法对污水池人工合成衬层(HDPE)进行漏洞检测,主防渗层检测系统对主防渗层是否泄漏进行定性检测,次防渗层检测系统对次防渗层出现的漏洞进行定位。这样有助于减少大量的数据处理。通过试验检验,当主防渗层存在漏洞时回路电流能达到电源电流的90%以上;当次防渗层存在漏洞时通过等势图的绘制能确定漏洞所在位置。     

聚砜膜和聚乙烯膜对石油微污染水源水的处理效果研究

采用聚砜膜和聚乙烯膜对石油微污染水源水的超滤处理效果进行了中试试验,研究了原水中含油浓度、pH值、温度对两种超滤膜处理效果的影响。结果表明:当原水含油浓度≤0.5mg/L时,两种超滤膜对石油类污染物的去除率可以达到100%,当原水含油浓度≤1.0mg/L时,采用聚乙烯膜更加经济有效,当原水含油浓度>1.0mg/L时,采用聚砜膜石油类污染物的去除率可以达到90%以上,当原水含油浓度>2.0mg/L时,采用聚砜膜可以得到更为良好的处理效果;在酸性和碱性条件下,两种超滤膜对石油类污染物的去除率均随着酸性和碱性的增强而提高;当原水的温度上升时,两种超滤膜对石油类污染物的去除率明显降低。     

电絮凝-气浮法去除水中聚乙烯颗粒研究

近年来,在世界各地水体中不断发现微塑料,人们对其潜在环境、健康风险表示担忧.当前,对微塑料去除的方法也逐渐展开研究.该实验采用电絮凝-气浮法对水中粒径为60～100μm聚乙烯(PE)颗粒进行去除,分别考察了电极组合、电流强度、电解质浓度、溶液初始pH值对聚乙烯颗粒去除效果影响.结果 表明,以铝为阳极、铁为阴极的电极组合最优.较高的电解质浓度和碱性条件会降低聚乙烯颗粒的去除效果.以铝为阳极、铁为阴极,极板间距为1 cm,电流密度为4mA/cm2,电解质浓度为2.5 mmol/L,溶液初始pH值为7时,电解25 min后,聚乙烯颗粒的去除率为97.43％.