尾矿添加量对加气混凝土性能的影响

通过实验,以金尾矿、石膏、水泥、石灰、铝粉等为原料,研究金尾矿添加量对加气混凝土性能的影响。分析认为,不同的配合比,不仅关系到产品的经济效益,还会对产品的性能有显著影响。实验得出能提高尾矿利用率的最优尾矿添加量为64.8%,最佳配比为:金尾矿64.8%、石灰16.2%、水泥14.2%、石膏4.7%、铝粉0.1%。     

以PHAs为固体碳源的城镇二级出水深度脱氮研究

利用从连续运行的缓释碳源滤料滤池中取出的聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHAs)颗粒,研究了微生物和硝酸盐对其的总有机碳(TOC)释放速率的影响,并研究了温度、pH值、硝态氮浓度对其反硝化速率的影响.结果表明:原有的和附着有微生物的PHAs颗粒在去离子水中TOC释放速率分别为0.030,0.053mg/(g·d),远低于水中有硝酸盐时的TOC释放速率[进水NO3--N为30mg/L时,TOC释放速率为0.533mg/(g·d)].温度和pH值对反硝化速率影响较大,pH值为7.5时,在15~35℃范围内,30℃下的反硝化速率最大,为0.067mg/(g·h);温度为30℃时,pH值在6.0~9.0范围内,pH值为7.8时的反硝化速率最大,达到0.061mg/(g·h).反硝化速率与NO3--N浓度之间的关系符合Monod方程,最大反应速率和半饱和常数分别为4.74mgNO3--N/(gSS·h)和56.6mg/L.     

Influence of stabilizers on the antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles introduced into natural water

Physical, chemical and biochemical properties of silver nanoparticles(AgNPs) depend to a great extent on their size, shape, size distribution, and stabilizers located on their surface. This study focused on two typical stabilizers, namely citrates(cit), low molecular ions protecting nanoparticles by electrostatic repulsion, and polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP), a hydrophilic, neutral, high molecular polymer protecting nanoparticles by steric stabilization. Natural bacterioplankton was collected from a eutrophic, downtown lake and exposed to five concentrations(0.1–5 mg/L) of AgNPs-PVP and AgNPs-cit. Responses were monitored after 1, 3, 5 and 7 days of exposure, by evaluating the survival rate of bacteria, their respiratory activity, and the general activity of extracellular esterases. A significantly better(greater) survival rate of bacterioplankton was observed in water with an addition of AgNPs-cit. The inhibition of extracellular esterases was observed only in samples containing AgNPs-PVP. The inhibitory effect increased proportionally to the concentration of AgNPs-PVP applied. Within the studied concentration range, there was no statistically significant inhibition of bacterioplankton respiratory activity by AgNPs-PVP and AgNPs-cit.     

Effect of surfactant on phenanthrene metabolic kinetics by Citrobacter sp. SA01

To attain a better understanding of the effects of surfactants on the metabolic kinetics of hydrophobic organic compounds, the biodegradation of phenanthrene by Citrobacter sp. SA01 was investigated in a batch experiment containing Tween 80, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and liquid mineral salt medium. The Monod model was modified to effectively describe the partition, phenanthrene biodegradation and biopolymer production. The results showed that Tween 80 and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate （each at 50 rag/L） enhanced phenanthrene metabolism and poly-β-hydroxybutyrate production as indicated by the increasing amounts of intermediates Coy 17.2% to 47.9%）, and percentages of poly-β- hydroxybutyrate （by 107.3% and 33.1%） within the cell dry weight when compared to their absence. The modified Monod model was capable of predicting microbial growth, phenanthrene depletion and biopolymer production. Furthermore, the Monod kinetic coefficients were largely determined by the surfactant-enhanced partition, suggesting that partitioning is a critical process in surfactant-enhanced bioremediation of hydro- phobic organic compounds.     

A comparative study of biopolymers and alum in the separation and recovery of pulp fibres from paper mill effluent by flocculation

Recovery of cellulose fibres from paper mill effluent has been studied using common polysacchatides or biopolymers such as Guar gum, Xanthan gum and Locust bean gum as flocculent. Guar gum is commonly used in sizing paper and routinely used in paper making. The results have been compared with the performance of alum, which is a common coagulant and a key ingredient of the paper industry. Guar gum recovered about 3.86 mg/L of fibre and was most effective among the biopolyrners. Settling velocity distribution curves demonstrated that Guar gum was able to settle the fibres faster than the other biopolymers; however, alum displayed the highest particle removal rate than all the biopolymers at any of the settling velocities. Alum, Guar gum, Xanthan gum and Locust bean gum removed 97.46%, 94.68%, 92.39% and 92.46% turbidity of raw effluent at a settling velocity of 0.5 cm/min, respectively. The conditions for obtaining the lowest sludge volume index such as pH, dose and mixing speed were optimised for guar gum which was the most effective among the biopolymers. Response surface methodology was used to design all experiments, and an optimum operational setting was proposed. The test results indicate similar performance of alum and Guar gum in terms of fioc settling velocities and sludge volume index. Since Guar gum is a plant derived natural substance, it is environmentally benign and offers a green treatment option to the paper mills for pulp recycling.     

过滤器处理含聚采油污水滤料流失及改进技术研究

为解决石英砂过滤器处理聚驱污水过程中出现的滤料板结、反冲洗憋压、滤料流失问题,通过对石英砂过滤器进行了改造,利用搅拌装置破碎滤饼层,经现场测试,搅拌式石英砂过滤器反冲洗压力由原来的0.27~0.46Mpa降低到0.12~0.16 Mpa,滤料流失得以解决。在来水含油和悬浮固体平均41 mg/L和21 mg/L,总滤后水质含油达到5.8 mg/L以下,出水悬浮固体3.2 mg/L。油和悬浮固体去除率分别提高85%和86%。     

分子印迹固相萃取测定天然海水中的三苯甲烷类杀菌剂

分别以结晶紫(CV)和孔雀石绿(MG)为模板分子,甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体,二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EDGMA)为交联剂,本体聚合法合成了印迹聚合物。运用扫描电镜和紫外光谱法分别对聚合物进行表征和识别机理的探索;采用静态平衡吸附实验研究了聚合物的结合特征及其对底物的选择性;以印迹聚合物为填料制备固相萃取柱,结合高效液相色谱分析了三份天然海水样品。结果表明:模板分子与功能单体之间形成1∶1络合物,印迹聚合物中的特异性立体空穴对模板分子的吸附能力要明显高于非印迹聚合物;自制固相萃取柱能够从天然海水中选择性的分离富集三苯甲烷类杀菌剂,在一号水样中检出CV和MG,浓度分别为0.92 ng/mL和1.30 ng/mL,二号水样中检出CV,浓度为0.52 ng/mL。     

透水混凝土抗压强度尺寸效应细观数值模拟研究

针对透水混凝土抗压强度尺寸效应问题,开展透水混凝土抗压强度尺寸效应的细观数值模拟研究.假定混凝土是由骨料、砂浆及孔隙组成,采用Monte Carlo法将孔隙与骨料颗粒随机投放在砂浆基质中,建立透水混凝土试件的细观非均质力学模型,开展透水混凝土试件压缩数值实验.研究结果表明：随着混凝土试件尺寸的增加,透水混凝土的抗压强度降低,存在尺寸效应现象;由于透水混凝土材料高度的非均匀性,其尺寸效应现象比普通混凝土明显.     

市政道路施工节能环保措施探究

随着人民的生活水平正不断提升,城市化建设不断发展,伴随而来的是城市道路的通行能力正不断加大,以满足越来越多的车辆行驶要求,导致对城市道路的建设标准也变得越来越高。道路维护、环保、更新问题,影响着人们的生活。在近年来的城市道路建设过程中,改性沥青道路被广泛应用于市政道路的建设当中,本文对沥青混凝土道路施工的优势进行分析,提出保证道路施工质量措施的观点与同行们共享。     

混凝土结构高温爆裂风险的模糊综合评价

混凝土在火灾等高温条件下的爆裂,会给整个建筑结构的安全带来严重危害。目前,混凝土结构的高温爆裂风险分析与评价已经成为混凝土结构抗火性能研究的热点,而模糊数学理论是分析此类问题的最有效方法之一。混凝土爆裂现象比较复杂,必须综合考虑材料和外部环境2个方面的因素。选择混凝土强度、水灰比、纤维量、养护湿度、荷载水平和升温速率组成影响因素集,并按各因素的重要性赋以不同的权重,应用模糊数学理论建立混凝土结构高温爆裂风险模糊综合评价模型。先随机选取10个混凝土试样组成待评价爆裂风险的混凝土样本集;然后形成该样本集的指标特征值矩阵,并转换为相应的相对隶属度矩阵;结合权重,可得10个混凝土试样相对5个爆裂风险级别的相对隶属度矩阵;最后,计算出待评价的10个混凝土试样的爆裂级别特征值。爆裂风险预测与试验的结果一致,表明所建立的模型能有效地评价混凝土高温爆裂风险。