有机蒙脱石负载纳米铁去除溶液中四溴双酚A的研究

研究了改性蒙脱石负载纳米铁材料(NZVI-CMT)在甲醇-水体系中对四溴双酚A(TBBPA)的去除作用,并确定了反应温度、TBBPA初始浓度以及材料投加量等因素对去除效果的影响.结果表明,在25℃条件下,0.02 g NZVI-CMT对初始浓度为10 mg·L-1TBBPA溶液的去除率可达97.5%,而且NZVI-CMT对TBBPA的去除率明显高于两种单一材料即纳米零价铁(NZVI)及有机蒙脱石(CMT)的去除率(18.3%、67.3%),同时也大于两者之和(85.6%).利用NZVI-CMT对TBBPA进行重复去除实验时,前3次的去除率均可达到90%以上.通过检测降解产物并分析材料对TBBPA去除过程的特性,发现NZVI-CMT对TBBPA的去除以吸附为主,并伴有少量还原脱溴反应发生,而且较高的反应温度对降解反应有利.     

不同Fe(Ⅲ)对活性污泥异化铁还原及除磷影响研究

以SBBR反应器活性污泥作为铁还原菌菌种来源,采用兼性厌氧/严格厌氧恒温培养试验,投加不同Fe(Ⅲ)考察各条件下的异化铁还原能力同时比较对磷的去除效果.结果表明:2种条件下Fe(Ⅲ)还原能力具有较好的一致性,依次为:Fe(OH)3＞氧化铁皮＞青矿＞红矿,其中严格厌氧条件下较好.同时,除磷效果与其呈正相关,富集培养至7d,Fe(OH)3及氧化铁皮体系出水磷浓度均达到2mg/L以下,之后继续降低,最终达到0.5mg/L以下.结合异化铁还原除磷机理,可以证明,不同Fe(Ⅲ)表面吸附作用对TP的去除贡献较小,其主要作用为铁还原菌驱动下的化学沉淀去除.     

Fe2O3 particles as superior catalysts for low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3

Fe203 particle catalysts were experimentally studied in the low temperature selective catalytic reduction （SCR） of NO with NH3. The effects of reaction temperature, oxygen concentration, [NH3]/[NO] molar ratio and residence time on SCR activity were studied. It was found that Fe203 catalysts had high activity for the SCR of NO with NH3 in a broad temperature range of 150-270℃, and more than 95% NO conversion was obtained at 180℃ when the molar ratio [NH3]/[NO] = 1, the residence time was 0.48 seconds and 02 volume fraction was 3%. In addition, the effect of SO2 on SCR catalytic activity was also investigated at the temperature of 180℃. The results showed that deactivation of the Fe2O3 particles occurred due to the presence of SO2 and the NO conversion decreased from 99.2% to 58% in 240 min, since SO2 gradually decreased the catalytic activity of the catalysts. In addition, X-ray diffraction, Thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the fresh and deactivated Fe2O3 catalysts. The results showed that the deactivation caused by SO2 was due to the formation of metal sulfates and ammonium sulfates on the catalyst surface during the de-NO reaction, which could cause pore plugging and result in suppression of the catalytic activity.     

Iron and lead ion adsorption by microbial flocculants in synthetic wastewater and their related carbonate formation

Although microbial treatments of heavy metal ions in wastewater have been studied, the removal of these metals through incorporation into carbonate minerals has rarely been reported. To investigate the removal of Fe^3＋ and Pb^2＋, two representative metals in wastewater, through the precipitation of carbonate minerals by a microbial flocculant （MBF） produced by Bacillus mucilaginosus. MBF was added to synthetic wastewater containing different Fe^3＋ and Pb^2＋ concentrations, and the extent of flocculation was analyzed. CO2 was bubbled into the mixture of MBF and Fe^3＋/Pb^2＋ to initiate the reaction. The solid substrates were analyzed via X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results showed that the removal efficiency decreased and the MBF adsorption capacity for metals increased with increasing heavy metal concentration. In the system containing MBF, metals （Fe^3＋ and Pb^2＋）, and CO2, the concentrated metals adsorbed onto the MBF combined with the dissolved CO2, resulting in oversaturation of metal carbonate minerals to form iron carbonate and lead carbonates. These results may be used in designing a method in which microbes can be utilized to combine CO2 with wastewater heavy metals to form carbonates, with the aim of mitigating environmental problems.     

一种新复合型絮凝剂的制备与混凝应用研究

利用煤矿开采后产生的固体废弃物煤矸石制备一种新复合型絮凝剂聚合氯化铝铁钙(PAFCC)。制备工艺中溶出反应最优化条件为煅烧温度750℃,保温2h;盐酸的酸溶反应时间为3h,酸溶反应中盐酸的用量为0.70g/g;碱化聚合反应的最佳工艺条件:反应温度为60℃,pH值为3.7,反应时间为30min;以高岭土废水水样为处理对象,煤矸石制备的聚合氯化铝铁钙絮凝剂废水浊度去除率高于工业聚合氯化铝PAC的浊度去除率。     

活性炭/纳米零价铁复合吸附剂的制备及对砷的去除应用

纳米零价铁在重金属去除领域应用前景广阔。为了大批量、低成本地制备纳米零价铁,本文采用电化学还原法在粒状活性炭表面电沉积纳米零价铁,通过X射线衍射分析对产物的结构进行了表征,并初步探讨了制备的纳米零价铁/活性炭复合吸附剂对模拟地下水中As(III)的去除效果。结果表明,通过自行设计的电沉积装置,成功地在颗粒活性炭上沉积了纳米零价铁颗粒。制备的活性炭/纳米零价铁复合吸附剂对模拟地下水中As(III)的去除效果良好。电化学沉积法制备纳米零价铁,技术可行,成本低廉,在重金属去除领域具有较大的应用潜力。     

除镉最佳混凝剂的筛选及应用条件研究

通过采用聚合氯化铝铁（PAFC）、氯化铁（FeCl3）及聚合硫酸铁（PFS）对含镉废水的处理研究表明,三种混凝剂对含镉水体均有良好的处理效果,同等条件下,三种混凝剂对含镉水体去除率分别为98.22%、92.19%和93.63%。研究了PAFC对含镉水体的混凝沉淀效果,实验结果表明：碱性条件有利于镉离子的沉淀,当pH为9～11时,去除率可达98.00%左右;对于初始浓度为4.000 0 mg.L-1的含镉废水,经处理后,水体浓度可降至0.184 0 mg.L-1,对于初始浓度为0.400 0 mg.L-1的含镉废水,经处理后水体浓度降至0.007 2 mg.L-1;废水中投加一定量的石灰乳对PAFC除镉起一定的作用,投加量达30.00 mg.L-1时,其去除率达99.91%;通过对PAFC除镉动力学拟合,符合一级线性动力学方程。     

零价铁还原和吸附去除水中污染物的研究进展

近年来,零价铁以其低毒、廉价、易操作且对环境不会产生二次污染等优点,在水污染治理中受到重视。文章介绍了零价铁处理污水的机理,对利用零价铁的还原和吸附作用去除污水中的氯代有机物、硝基芳香族化合物、偶氮染料、重金属、高氯酸盐、硝酸盐等的研究情况进行了综述,指出了零价铁废水处理技术的研究方向。     

铁对反硝化脱硫运行效能影响

研究基于Fe2+可以刺激硫酸盐还原菌的活性,氢气又可以作为电子供体促进反硝化脱氮理论,考察了铁粉对同步反硝化脱硫运行技能的影响.在混养(主)、自养和异养(辅)条件下对比加入铁粉前后各种底物的代谢规律,结果表明:混养条件下加入铁粉前后,硫化物去除率均在99％以上,硝酸盐和乙酸盐的去除率分别为80％,90％和88％,62％.铁粉不影响碳、氮、硫的同步脱除,而且可以强化硫酸盐还原作用和反硝化作用,却使硫化物的去除时间延长2倍.经分析得知,铁粉的加入可以提高自养菌群的活性,进而提供氢气这种更容易被自养菌利用的电子供体将硝酸盐还原为氮气,使硫化物剩余.而且,Fe和H2O发生化学反应生成的Fe2+和氢气均能提高硫酸盐还原菌的活性,硫酸盐还原菌群和自养菌群之间可能存在一定的共生关系,Fe的加入会破坏这种共生关系.     

刘铁男：要加快推进铝工业的优化升级

8月25日,由国务院参事室和中国有色金属工业协会共同举办的＂促进铝应用高层论坛＂在北京钓鱼台国宾馆召开。国家发改委刘铁男副主任出席论坛并致辞。