印染废水中反硝化聚磷菌的筛选及其脱氮除磷特性的研究

为研究反硝化聚磷菌的生物学特性和脱氮除磷能力,从印染废水中分离筛选出3株高效反硝化聚磷菌,经鉴定分别属于克雷伯氏菌属（Klebsiella）、肠杆菌属（Enterobacter）、链球菌属（Streptococcus）。将分离出来的反硝化聚磷菌富集培养,在缺磷培养液中厌氧培养24h,然后取少量培养液于4000rpm离心出菌体,投加于富磷培养液中厌氧培养24h,检测培养液中硝酸盐氮和磷的浓度变化。测得克雷伯氏菌A1的脱氮率为86．67％,除磷率为77．01％;肠杆菌A2的脱氮率为91．7％,除磷率为92．98％;链球菌A3的脱氮率为79．32％,除磷率为89．4％。     

湿地水环境质量评价方法研究与治理措施

通过对目前水环境质量评价中使用的几种方法进行简要介绍和分析,并以扎龙湿地水环境质量评价为例,对灰色聚类法,模糊综合评价法和人工神经网络分析法进行比较。结果表明,灰色聚类法评价出的结果分辩率更高,评价结果更准确,有更高的可信性,更符合实际。通过扎龙湿地水环境质量评价的数据结果,可以看出扎龙湿地水质基本属于中度污染,各监测点间以哈塔桥污染最为严重,应采取保证湿地需水量,控制污染以及合理利用湿地资源等一系列的措施来恢复和治理。     

聚环氧琥珀酸(钠)的合成及阻垢性能研究

以马来酸酐为原料,铬酸钾为催化剂合成了聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA),并在聚合初期和产物溶液中加入蒙脱土以除去C(rⅥ),研究了催化剂用量、蒙脱土加入量及不同外界条件下对产物阻碳酸钙性能的影响。结果表明,以钨酸钠和铬酸钾为催化剂合成的PESA具有相同的结构和相近的阻垢性,它们在高钙离子浓度、高温水系统中长时间停留对碳酸钙仍有较强的抑制作用,该工艺得到的样品C(rⅥ)含量<0.50mg/L,达到国家标准。     

微波法对采出水中聚丙烯酰胺的降解作用研究

微波作为一种新型环保产品,在各个领域有着不同的作用。采用先进环保的微波法对聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）进行降解,探讨了微波功率,微波时间,pH以及活化剂等对PAM降解作用的影响,并对PAM的降解机理进行了探讨。实验结果表明：在pH=3,H2O2=5mL,中高火5min的时候,粘度降到1．05675mm^2／s,浓度降到439．1mg／L。     

反硝化聚磷污泥厌氧释磷影响因素研究

采用静态试验的方法研究了温度、MLSS、VFA浓度、碳源种类等对反硝化聚磷污泥厌氧释磷的影响,研究结果表明:随着温度的升高厌氧释磷速率有所增加,但厌氧释磷速率与温度之间并不是简单的线性关系,温度对厌氧释磷的长期作用还有待考察;在一定范围内增加污泥浓度与碳源可以有效地强化厌氧释磷效果;反硝化除磷脱氮工艺处理实际生活污水时,建议厌氧池停留时间为4～6 h,在工艺首端设置水解酸化池将有利于厌氧释磷效果的强化.     

蒙脱土/聚丙烯酰胺杂化絮凝剂制备及絮凝性能研究

利用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)与钠基蒙脱土(Na-MMT)的阳离子交换反应制得有机化蒙脱土(O-MMT),通过硝酸铈铵引发丙烯酰胺单体在有机化蒙脱土片层间原位插层聚合制得蒙脱土/聚丙烯酰胺(MMT/PAM)杂化物. 同时,研究了引发剂用量、聚合反应时间和蒙脱土含量对杂化物特性粘数的影响,并用XRD、FTIR、TEM对Na-MMT、O-MMT和MMT/PAM杂化物进行结构表征. 最后实验对比了MMT/PAM杂化物与PAM对三氧化二铬悬浮液的絮凝效果. XRD、TEM结果显示,纳米尺寸大小的蒙脱土均匀地分散在PAM基体中. 絮凝实验结果显示,添加质量分数0.5％~5.0％MMT的MMT/PAM杂化物的絮凝效果优于纯PAM.     

表面改性PVDF电纺纤维负载ZnS复合材料的制备与光催化特性

以常压介质阻挡放电-紫外辐射条件下制备的聚偏氟乙烯电纺纤维表面接枝丙烯酸(PVDF-g-AA)后的产物为载体,在水热条件下制备与纤维表面有化学键作用、均匀分布、直径0.5～2μm的ZnS/PVDF-K-AA纤维复合光催化材料.同时,以紫外灯为光源,甲基橙为目标降解物,研究了复合材料的光催化活性.结果表明,ZnS/PVDF-g-AA纤维复合材料的高催化比表面积和复合材料间存在吸附-迁移-光降解作用使其具有较高的光催化效率,重复8次光降解后其仍具有较好的催化活性.     

Adsorption characteristics of humic acid-immobilized amine modified polyacrylamide/bentonite composite for cationic dyes in aqueous solutions

Humic acid-immobilized amine modified polyacrylamide/bentonite composite (HA-Am-PAA-B) was prepared and used as an adsorbent for the adsorption of cationic dyes (Malachite Green (MG), Methylene Blue (MB) and Crystal Violet (CV)) from aqueous solutions. The polyacrylamide/bentonite composite (PAA-B) was prepared by intercalative polymerization of acrylamide with Nabentonite in the presence of N,N0-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent and hexamethylenediammine as propagater. PAA-B was subsequently treated with ethylenediammine to increase its loading capacity for HA. The surface characterizations of the adsorbent were investigated. The adsorbent behaved like a cation exchanger and more than 99.0% removal of dyes was detected at pH range 6.0–8.0. The capacity of HA-Am-PAA-B was found to decrease in the following order: MG > MB > CV. The kinetic and isotherm data were interpreted by pseudo-second order rate equation and Freundlich isotherm model, respectively. Experiments were carried out using binary solute systems to assess the competitive adsorption phenomenon. The experimental isotherm data for each binary solute combination of MG, MB and CV were analyzed using Sheindrof-Rebhun-Sheintuch (SRS) (multicomponent Freundlich type) equation.     

Infiltration characteristics of non-aqueous phase liquids in undisturbed loessal soil cores

The widespread contamination of soils and aquifers by non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPL), such as crude oil, poses serious environmental and health hazards globally. Understanding the infiltration characteristics of NAPL in soil is crucial in mitigating or remediating soil contamination. The infiltration characteristics of crude and diesel oils into undisturbed loessal soil cores, collected in polymethyl methacrylate cylindrical columns, were investigated under a constant fluid head (3 cm) of either crude oil or diesel oil. The infiltration rate of both crude and diesel oils decreased exponentially as wetting depth increased with time. Soil core size and bulk density both had significant effects on NAPL infiltration through the undisturbed soil cores; a smaller core size or a greater bulk density could reduce oil penetration to depth. Compacting soil in areas susceptible to oil spills may be an effective stratage to reduce contamination. The infiltration of NAPL into soil cores was spatially anisotropic and heterogeneous, thus recording the data at four points on the soil core is a good stratage to improve the accuracy of experimental results. Our results revealed that crude and diesel oils, rather than their components, have a practical value for remediation of contaminated loessal soils.     

对硫磷分子印迹膜传感器的制备及识别特性

用电聚合的方法在金电极上制备了以对硫磷为模板分子的自组装邻氨基硫酚分子印迹膜传感器.在含有5 mmol/L对硫磷模板分子、5mmol/L四丁基高氯酸铵支持电解质和30 mmol/L邻氨基硫酚的二氯甲烷的聚合液中于-0.3～1.4 V范围内循环伏安扫描30圈即得到邻氨基硫酚印迹聚合膜.结合在印迹膜上的对硫磷模板分子用0.5 mol/L HCl溶液超声20 min洗脱.循环伏安法用于电化学检测.当富集时间为10 min,磷酸盐缓冲溶液的pH=6.8时,在1.0×10-4～5.0×10-7mol/L浓度范围内与对硫磷还原峰电流成良好的线性关系,检测下限为2.0×10～mol/L.用分子印迹膜传感器对实际样品进行分析,回收率为98.0%～104%.印迹膜传感器和非印迹膜传感器对一系列与对硫磷相近似的化合物如甲基对硫磷、对氧磷、辛硫磷、氧乐果、硝基苯及邻、间、对硝基苯酚进行检测,该传感器对对硫磷具有良好的选择性和灵敏度.