湿地水环境质量评价方法研究与治理措施

通过对目前水环境质量评价中使用的几种方法进行简要介绍和分析,并以扎龙湿地水环境质量评价为例,对灰色聚类法,模糊综合评价法和人工神经网络分析法进行比较。结果表明,灰色聚类法评价出的结果分辩率更高,评价结果更准确,有更高的可信性,更符合实际。通过扎龙湿地水环境质量评价的数据结果,可以看出扎龙湿地水质基本属于中度污染,各监测点间以哈塔桥污染最为严重,应采取保证湿地需水量,控制污染以及合理利用湿地资源等一系列的措施来恢复和治理。     

聚环氧琥珀酸(钠)的合成及阻垢性能研究

以马来酸酐为原料,铬酸钾为催化剂合成了聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA),并在聚合初期和产物溶液中加入蒙脱土以除去C(rⅥ),研究了催化剂用量、蒙脱土加入量及不同外界条件下对产物阻碳酸钙性能的影响。结果表明,以钨酸钠和铬酸钾为催化剂合成的PESA具有相同的结构和相近的阻垢性,它们在高钙离子浓度、高温水系统中长时间停留对碳酸钙仍有较强的抑制作用,该工艺得到的样品C(rⅥ)含量<0.50mg/L,达到国家标准。     

微波法对采出水中聚丙烯酰胺的降解作用研究

微波作为一种新型环保产品,在各个领域有着不同的作用。采用先进环保的微波法对聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）进行降解,探讨了微波功率,微波时间,pH以及活化剂等对PAM降解作用的影响,并对PAM的降解机理进行了探讨。实验结果表明：在pH=3,H2O2=5mL,中高火5min的时候,粘度降到1．05675mm^2／s,浓度降到439．1mg／L。     

反硝化聚磷污泥厌氧释磷影响因素研究

采用静态试验的方法研究了温度、MLSS、VFA浓度、碳源种类等对反硝化聚磷污泥厌氧释磷的影响,研究结果表明:随着温度的升高厌氧释磷速率有所增加,但厌氧释磷速率与温度之间并不是简单的线性关系,温度对厌氧释磷的长期作用还有待考察;在一定范围内增加污泥浓度与碳源可以有效地强化厌氧释磷效果;反硝化除磷脱氮工艺处理实际生活污水时,建议厌氧池停留时间为4～6 h,在工艺首端设置水解酸化池将有利于厌氧释磷效果的强化.     

蒙脱土/聚丙烯酰胺杂化絮凝剂制备及絮凝性能研究

利用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)与钠基蒙脱土(Na-MMT)的阳离子交换反应制得有机化蒙脱土(O-MMT),通过硝酸铈铵引发丙烯酰胺单体在有机化蒙脱土片层间原位插层聚合制得蒙脱土/聚丙烯酰胺(MMT/PAM)杂化物. 同时,研究了引发剂用量、聚合反应时间和蒙脱土含量对杂化物特性粘数的影响,并用XRD、FTIR、TEM对Na-MMT、O-MMT和MMT/PAM杂化物进行结构表征. 最后实验对比了MMT/PAM杂化物与PAM对三氧化二铬悬浮液的絮凝效果. XRD、TEM结果显示,纳米尺寸大小的蒙脱土均匀地分散在PAM基体中. 絮凝实验结果显示,添加质量分数0.5％~5.0％MMT的MMT/PAM杂化物的絮凝效果优于纯PAM.     

表面改性PVDF电纺纤维负载ZnS复合材料的制备与光催化特性

以常压介质阻挡放电-紫外辐射条件下制备的聚偏氟乙烯电纺纤维表面接枝丙烯酸(PVDF-g-AA)后的产物为载体,在水热条件下制备与纤维表面有化学键作用、均匀分布、直径0.5～2μm的ZnS/PVDF-K-AA纤维复合光催化材料.同时,以紫外灯为光源,甲基橙为目标降解物,研究了复合材料的光催化活性.结果表明,ZnS/PVDF-g-AA纤维复合材料的高催化比表面积和复合材料间存在吸附-迁移-光降解作用使其具有较高的光催化效率,重复8次光降解后其仍具有较好的催化活性.     

BBP对小鼠睾丸IL-1βmRNA和TNF-αmRNA表达的影响

为了探讨邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯(BBP)对小鼠睾丸炎症性细胞因子IL-1β和TNF-α的基因表达的影响,以性成熟的雄性昆明小鼠为实验材料.经不同浓度BBP染毒12d后取其睾丸组织提取总RNA,运用半定量RT-PeR方法分析BBP对小鼠睾丸IL-1β和TNF-α表达水平的影响.实验结果表明,与对照组相比,125mg·kg-1的BBP染毒组小鼠睾丸IL-1β的转录稍有上调,但无显著性差异;250mg·kg-1、500mg·kg-1和1000mg·kg-1的BBP染毒组小鼠睾丸IL-1β的转录呈显著上调(p<0.05或<0.01).TNF-α的转录随所给BBP剂量的增高而上升,呈剂量-效应关系;250mg·kg-1、500mg·kg-1和1000mg·kg-1的BBP染毒组小鼠睾丸TNF-α的转录均显著上调(p<0.05或<0.01).由此可见,较高的BBP暴露水平可使小鼠睾丸内细胞因子IL-1β和TNF-α的转录水平明显上升,从而表达增强,这可能是BBP对小鼠雄性生殖毒性的重要机制之一.     

Adsorption characteristics of humic acid-immobilized amine modified polyacrylamide/bentonite composite for cationic dyes in aqueous solutions

Humic acid-immobilized amine modified polyacrylamide/bentonite composite (HA-Am-PAA-B) was prepared and used as an adsorbent for the adsorption of cationic dyes (Malachite Green (MG), Methylene Blue (MB) and Crystal Violet (CV)) from aqueous solutions. The polyacrylamide/bentonite composite (PAA-B) was prepared by intercalative polymerization of acrylamide with Nabentonite in the presence of N,N0-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent and hexamethylenediammine as propagater. PAA-B was subsequently treated with ethylenediammine to increase its loading capacity for HA. The surface characterizations of the adsorbent were investigated. The adsorbent behaved like a cation exchanger and more than 99.0% removal of dyes was detected at pH range 6.0–8.0. The capacity of HA-Am-PAA-B was found to decrease in the following order: MG > MB > CV. The kinetic and isotherm data were interpreted by pseudo-second order rate equation and Freundlich isotherm model, respectively. Experiments were carried out using binary solute systems to assess the competitive adsorption phenomenon. The experimental isotherm data for each binary solute combination of MG, MB and CV were analyzed using Sheindrof-Rebhun-Sheintuch (SRS) (multicomponent Freundlich type) equation.     

Infiltration characteristics of non-aqueous phase liquids in undisturbed loessal soil cores

The widespread contamination of soils and aquifers by non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPL), such as crude oil, poses serious environmental and health hazards globally. Understanding the infiltration characteristics of NAPL in soil is crucial in mitigating or remediating soil contamination. The infiltration characteristics of crude and diesel oils into undisturbed loessal soil cores, collected in polymethyl methacrylate cylindrical columns, were investigated under a constant fluid head (3 cm) of either crude oil or diesel oil. The infiltration rate of both crude and diesel oils decreased exponentially as wetting depth increased with time. Soil core size and bulk density both had significant effects on NAPL infiltration through the undisturbed soil cores; a smaller core size or a greater bulk density could reduce oil penetration to depth. Compacting soil in areas susceptible to oil spills may be an effective stratage to reduce contamination. The infiltration of NAPL into soil cores was spatially anisotropic and heterogeneous, thus recording the data at four points on the soil core is a good stratage to improve the accuracy of experimental results. Our results revealed that crude and diesel oils, rather than their components, have a practical value for remediation of contaminated loessal soils.     

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）改善污泥脱水性能的研究

通过对污泥含水率的测定和滤液蛋白质的测定,考察了阳离子聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）对污泥脱水性能的影响。结果表明,PAM能够改善污泥的脱水性能,最佳的投加量为0.96mg/g,污泥的含水率73.38%。通过激光粒度分析研究PAM对污泥的作用机理,发现投加PAM之后,污泥的絮体变大,占体积分数90%的颗粒粒径大于206.170μm,明显的大于原泥。实验表明,PAM是通过＂架桥吸附＂和＂水化作用＂改善污泥的脱水性能。