酸雨胁迫对大豆种子萌发过程中能量代谢的影响

为探索酸雨胁迫对大豆种子萌发过程中能量代谢的影响,采用pH2.0,2.5,4.0模拟酸雨处理大豆(台湾292)种子,研究不同强度酸雨胁迫对大豆种子呼吸速率,CAT活性,线粒体蛋白与ATP含量及能荷的影响.结果表明,随着酸雨胁迫强度增加(pH≤2.5),上述指标均呈下降趋势.高强度酸雨(pH为2.0)对大豆种子萌发时能量代谢的影响是最大的.     

不同光强下镉胁迫对紫茉莉光合作用和抗氧化系统的影响

通过土培实验,比较分析了3种光强(全光照(HL)、50%全光照(ML)和10%全光照(LL))下镉胁迫(30 mg·kg-1)对紫茉莉植株生长、光合作用、光合色素、镉、镁、铁和钾含量、脂质过氧化、抗氧化酶活性、抗坏血酸和谷胱甘肽含量的影响.结果发现,镉胁迫显著降低紫茉莉叶片的净光合速率,对HL植株的抑制程度高于ML和LL植株;HL和LL植株最大光化学效率在镉胁迫下显著降低,而ML植株所受影响不明显;镉胁迫显著提高了紫茉莉叶片的暗呼吸速率,ML植株提高幅度最大.镉胁迫对紫茉莉植株生长的抑制作用显著,对HL植株的抑制最大.镉胁迫显著增加了紫茉莉叶片的镉含量,减小叶片叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、Mg、Fe和K的含量,对HL植株影响最大.镉胁迫下,HL植株超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性增强,过氧化氢酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性降低,谷胱甘肽和抗坏血酸含量减小,过氧化氢和丙二醛含量、超氧阴离子产生速率增高,电解质渗漏加重.上述结果表明,镉加重了叶片氧化胁迫程度和强化了对紫茉莉生长的抑制,特别在高光强条件下.     

Joint effects of cadmium and lead on seedlings of four Chinese cabbage cultivars in northeastern China

In northeastern China, large area of vegetable land has been simultaneously polluted by cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). Joint e ects of Cd and Pb on Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis L.) were investigated using the seed germination and sand culture method. Four Chinese cabbage cultivars including Kangbingjinchun (KB), Dongyangchunxia (DY), Qinglvwang (QL) and Qiangshi (QS) from Shenyang in northeastern China were adopted in this study. The results showed that there were positive linear relationships between the inhibitory rate of biomass, root and shoot elongation and the concentrations of Cd and Pb. In particular, root elongation was more sensitive to joint stress of Cd and Pb. The activity of superoxide dismutase and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble protein (SP) and proline (PRO) changed significantly with increasing exposure concentration of Cd and Pb. The decrement in the activity of antioxidative enzymes, the content of SP and accumulation of MDA were relatively low in KB and QS. PRO played an important role in resisting Cd and Pb stress.     

2000—2010中国景观生态研究进展的文献综述

自80年代初期我国学者开始开展景观生态学研究以来,景观生态学的研究在我国获得了蓬勃发展。文章针对所搜集的2000—2010年我国研究景观生态学的学者发表在国内的18种核心期刊上的中文文献471篇,分不同专题进行分类统计,并在其基础上对我国景观生态学研究进行分析和论述,为我国的景观生态学者了解和把握中国景观生态学研究热点和发展趋势提供依据。     

《长江文化生态》书评

邓先瑞教授和邹尚辉教授合著的《长江文化生态》一书已经面世,我们为他们完成了这一具有重要学术价值的课题感到欣慰。该书引用生态学原理论证长江文化源流与环境的关系,比较全面系统地廓清了某些长江文化现象,在相当程度上填补了长江文化研究的空白,这是一项将我国文化研究与环境研究有机联系的创新工作。     

铀胁迫对酸模叶绿素荧光特性和酶活性的影响

通过盆栽控制性实验,研究了不同铀浓度处理﹙0、25、50、100、200、400 mg/kg﹚对酸模(Rumex acetosa L.)叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光特性及抗氧化酶的影响。结果表明:随着土壤铀浓度的增加,叶绿素含量显著下降,最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)下降但差异不显著,光合性能指数(PIABS)显著下降,K相可变荧光占J相可变荧光比例(Wk)和J相可变荧光(Vj)逐渐升高,单位反应中心吸收的光能(ABS/RC)、单位反应中心捕获的能力(TRo/RC)、单位反应中心捕获的用于电子传递的能量(ETo/RC)和单位反应中心耗散的能量(DIo/RC)均呈先升高后下降的趋势,铀胁迫使酸模整个PSⅡ的结构和功能都受到了伤害,光合作用受到抑制;SOD和POD活性整体呈现先上升后下降的趋势,MDA含量逐渐升高,酸模产生膜脂过氧化,启动了过氧化酶系统。     

盐肥耦合对农作物生长影响的研究现状

土壤盐渍化是制约现代农业发展的重要因素之一,作物耐盐度既受自身遗传性状的影响,也与土壤环境、化肥施用等方面有关。因此在改良盐碱地的基础上,制定适宜的农田施肥管理制度,成为当前盐渍土合理利用及提高农作物产量的重要环节。文章就盐肥耦合对一些作物生长影响方面的研究现状做一综述。     

六价铬高富集植物筛选的研究

通过测定人工培育的植物体内铬的含量,研究不同浓度的六价铬胁迫对不同植物的生长状况,株高、根长、鲜物质量、干物质量和铬富集的影响以及胁迫前后超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)以及丙二醛(M DA)的含量变化.目的是筛选出重金属Cr高富集植物,为铬污染土壤的植物修复提供理论依据.结果表明,人工种植的植物中蓖麻的耐重金属Cr的能力较强,对铬的富集量也较高,可以作为一种铬的高富集植物,对于蓖麻果实中铬含量的消除有待作进一步研究.     

地下水污染风险评价中特征污染物量化方法探讨

针对地下水污染风险评价中的外界胁迫脆弱性评价缺乏有效量化体系这一问题,通过地下水污染源解析,提出了基于特征污染物及其对应排放量的量化体系;通过特征污染物属性解析及利用层次分析法确定研究侧重点,构建了该体系中的特征污染物量化方法.将该量化方法应用于北京市地下水污染风险评价,结果表明,依据不同研究侧重点得出的3种特征污染物危害性计算结果具有明显差异,并且3种危害性排序与对应的3种属性排序亦存在差异.由此表明,确定研究侧重点的主观倾向对特征污染物危害性计算结果有决定性影响.此外,在计算过程中,以序列值的方式解决3种属性的归一化及不同类别特征污染物属性量化结果的统一,会造成不同特征污染物之间相对属性特征的放大或缩小.     

Agroecosystem functional assessment and its difficulties

Agroecosystem functional assessment indicators provide a necessary bridge between decision-makers and scientists. The development of acceptable indicators, however, remains a difficult task because the current knowledge and understanding of ecosystems is not sufficient to allow an objective assessment of all ecosystem functions. These difficulties were summarized from three perspectives. First, there are difficulties in individual function assessment. Of the four functions associated with agroecosystems-energy flow, materials cycling,information flow and value flow-data on material cycling and information flow remain difficult to obtain and the indicators relatively immature. Secondly, there are difficulties of integration. During the assessment process, the integration of the agroecosystem functions remains the biggest obstacle. Until now, there has been no practical or effective methodology established to resolve the problem. At present, the makeshift approach has been to weight the various indicators and then add them together. Thirdly, there is the problem of obscure concepts and concept confusion. When assessments of agroecosystems are conducted, concepts such as structure, function, benefit,and resource utilization are used extensively. To date, no logical relationship (either real or implied) has been developed between any of these concepts. Are they causes and results such that the relationship between them is linear, or are they independent from one another such that the relationship is parallel? Thus far, the essence of this question is yet to be explored.