清洁型城市河道养护管理技术标准的探讨

结合杭州古新河、西溪河、余杭塘河、备塘河、宁波马蜂港河、横间港河等十余条河道6~7年的持续养护管理经验(河道水质始终保持在V类水及以上),编写了清洁型城市河道养护管理技术标准。该标准简明扼要地概括了城市河道整治后的日常养护管理工作的主要内容、评价指标和适用范围以及技术档案管理系统的建立,为今后政府和相关企业河道养护管理作业提供了有益的参考。     

Biostability in distribution systems in one city in southern China：Characteristics, modeling and control strategy

This study investigated the bacterial regrowth in drinking water distribution systems receiving finished water from an advanced drinking water treatment plant in one city in southem China. Thirteen nodes in two water supply zones with different aged pipelines were selected to monitor water temperature, dissolved oxygen （DO）, chloramine residual, assimilable organic carbon （AOC）, and heterotrophic plate counts （HPC）. Regression and principal component analyses indicated that HPC had a strong correlation with chloramine residual. Based on Chick-Watson＇s Law and the Monod equation, biostability curves under different conditions were developed to achieve the goal of HPC 100 CFU/mL. The biostability curves could interpret the scenario under various AOC concentrations and predict the required chloramine residual concentration under the condition of high AOC level. The simulation was also carded out to predict the scenario with a stricter HPC goal （≤50 CFU/mL） and determine the required chloramine residual. The biological regrowth control strategy was assessed using biostability curve analysis. The results indicated that maintaining high chloramine residual concentration was the most practical way to achieve the goal of HPC ≤ 100 CFU/mL. Biostability curves could be a very useful tool for biostability control in distribution systems. This work could provide some new insights towards biostability control in real distribution systems.     

Evaluation of accuracy of linear regression models in predicting urban stormwater discharge characteristics

Stormwater runoff has been identified as a source of pollution for the environment, especially for receiving waters. In order to quantify and manage the impacts of stormwater runoff on the environment, predictive models and mathematical models have been developed. Predictive tools such as regression models have been widely used to predict stormwater discharge characteristics. Storm event characteristics, such as antecedent dry days （ADD）, have been related to response variables, such as pollutant loads and concentrations. However it has been a controversial issue among many studies to consider ADD as an important variable in predicting stormwater discharge characteristics. In this study, we examined the accuracy of general linear regression models in predicting discharge characteristics of roadway runoff. A total of 17 storm events were monitored in two highway segments, located in Gwangju, Korea. Data from the monitoring were used to calibrate United States Environmental Protection Agency＇s Storm Water Management Model （SWMM）. The calibrated SWMM was simulated for 55 storm events, and the results of total suspended solid （TSS） discharge loads and event mean concentrations （EMC） were extracted. From these data, linear regression models were developed. R2 and p-values of the regression of ADD for both TSS loads and EMCs were investigated. Results showed that pollutant loads were better predicted than pollutant EMC in the multiple regression models. Regression may not provide the true effect of site-specific characteristics, due to uncertainty in the data.     

Two-step accelerated mineral carbonation and decomposition analysis for the reduction of CO2 emission in the eco-industrial parks

Carbon dioxide（CO2） emissions are a leading contributor to the negative effects of global warming. Globally, research has focused on effective means of reducing and mitigating CO2 emissions. In this study, we examined the efficacy of eco-industrial parks（EIPs） and accelerated mineral carbonation techniques in reducing CO2 emissions in South Korea.First, we used Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index（LMDI） analysis to determine the trends in carbon production and mitigation at the existing EIPs. We found that, although CO2 was generated as byproducts and wastes of production at these EIPs, improved energy intensity effects occurred at all EIPs, and we strongly believe that EIPs are a strong alternative to traditional industrial complexes for reducing net carbon emissions. We also examined the optimal conditions for using accelerated mineral carbonation to dispose of hazardous fly ash produced through the incineration of municipal solid wastes at these EIPs. We determined that this technique most efficiently sequestered CO2 when micro-bubbling, low flow rate inlet gas, and ammonia additives were employed.     

速读

<正>给大笨钟穿上太阳能电池板为了争取达到2020年温室气体减排34%这个雄伟目标,英国国会正寻求议会关于房地产的意见,打算给大笨钟穿上一层太阳能电池板,以此来减少碳排放并提高能源效率。大笨钟建于1859年,安装在西敏寺桥北议会大厦东侧高96米的钟楼上,钟楼四面的圆形钟盘,直径为6.7米,是伦敦的传统地标。2012年,国会将其更名为伊丽莎白塔。     

走进核能的世界 了解中国的核电

<正>人类从钻木取火到工业革命再到信息时代,能源的使用从木材到煤炭与石油再到电磁能与核能,每次能源应用的变革都推动了人类社会加速发展,同时能源问题也成为关系到国计民生乃至国家安全的重大课题。传统的煤炭和石油在我国的能源结构中占据了绝对主导的位置,但随着我国居民生活水平的提高使这些传统能源的消耗不断增加,进而更加凸显出我国能源结构不合理的基本国情和"软肋"。走一条清洁、高效、安全、可持续的能源发展之路,是向污染宣战、加强生态环保的节能减排措施,促进大气质量改善的必然选择。自上世纪九十年代初开始,我国大陆     

从“引进来”到“走出去”

<正>从2010年的巴基斯坦核电援助项目,到2013年的英国欣克利角(Hinkley Point C)核电项目再到罗马尼亚切尔纳沃德核电项目;从1982年引进国外技术建设我国大陆第一座大型商用核电站,到2014年4月具有完全自主知识产权的"华龙一号"首次亮相;在经历了昔日的"拜师学艺"和通过引进消化吸收再创新增强"内功"之后,中国核电正在一步步由"中国制造"向"中国创造"转变,核电"走出去"正成为一张绚丽的名片。化石能源使用的负作用已成为地球的     

美国交通部门控制温室气体排放政策的演变

<正>对于任何国家而言,交通行业都是其主要温室气体排放来源之一,亦是各国控制温室气体排放的关键。本文主要介绍美国交通部门的减排政策法规及配套措施,以供我国借鉴。一、"双赢"的温室气体减排政策美国被誉为"车轮上的民族",其交通运输业的发达可想而知,因而其排放的温室气体亦影响较大。据测算,当前美国交通部门能耗占能源消费总量的28.1%,其温室气体排放量占总温室气体排放量的27%。     

国外河口城市气候变化适应策略及对中国的启示

<正>河口地区是遭受气候变化影响最为严重的区域之一。密集的人口、繁荣的经济使得河口城市根据当地的气候变化威胁制定相应的适应策略变得尤为重要和紧迫。英国伦敦、美国纽约和新奥尔良、日本东京、加拿大温哥华等国际重要河口城市已经制定了详尽的适应气候变化策略,其中有很多有益的经验值得我国的河口城市学     

氧化沟工艺提标过程中总磷的技改分析

昆明第一污水处理厂氧化沟工艺至今已运行25 a,随着滇池水环境的恶化,昆明市于2010年将污水处理厂排放标准由原来的一级B标提升至一级A标,总磷的提标是整个提标过程中的重中之重。作者通过对除磷工艺的摸索,研究了除磷加药工艺优化运行的方式,确定了加药量的计算公式,为国内外其他水厂的提标技改,提供技术参考。