唐海县咸(海)水入侵调查与防治方法探讨

随着高耗水农业的快速发展,城镇人口的急剧增加,加上持续的干旱,唐海县地下水长期处于超采状态,引起上覆咸水侵染地下淡水。分析1989—1998与2008年深层地下水氯离子浓度变化、1981—2007年咸水顶板埋深变化以及全县工农业布局,将唐海县划分为咸(海)水入侵的高度敏感区、较敏感区、一般敏感区和不敏感区,并进一步提出遏制咸(海)水入侵的措施。     

A bioaugmentation failure caused by phage infection and weak biofilm formation ability

Two biological aerated filters (BAF) were setup for ammonia removal treatment of the circulation water in a marine aquaculture. One of the BAFs was bioaugmented with a heterotrophic nitrifying bacterium, Lutimonas sp. H10, where the ammonia removal was not improved and the massive inoculation was even followed by a nitrification breakdown from day 9 to 18. The nitrification was remained stable in control BAF operated under the same conditions. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with rRNA-targeted probes and cultivable method revealed that Lutimonas sp. H10 almost disappeared from the bioaugomented BAF within 3 d, and this was mainly due to the infection of a specific phage as revealed by flask experiment, plaque assay and transmission electron observation. Analyses of 16S rRNA gene libraries showed that bacterial groups from two reactors evolved di erently and an overgrowth of protozoa was observed in the bioaugmented BAF. Therefore, phage infection and poor biofilm forming ability of the inoculated strain are the main reasons for bioaugmentation failure. In addition, grazing by protozoa of the bacteria might be the reason for the nitrification breakdown in bioaugmented BAF during day 9–18.     

香料生产废水的生化处理研究

某合成洋茉莉醛香料厂的生产废水中含有香料、香料副产品、降解物以及原辅材料,具有CODcr浓度高、水质波动大以及水中污染物成分复杂等特点,属于典型的高浓度难降解有机废水,而该厂现有的废水处理工艺不仅流程长、费用高且出水难以达到GB8978—1996一级排放标准。本文采用活性污泥法及MBR工艺研究了洋茉莉醛香料废水的处理效果及其影响因素,并结合GC—MS对降解产物进行了分析。试验结果表明：采用本文方法对洋茉莉醛香料废水有较好的降解作用,可经较少的步骤处理实现达标排放。     

循环流化床锅炉脱硫效率分析及监测实例

分析总结了循环流化床（CFB）锅炉的脱硫机理以及影响其脱硫效率的各种因素,对某燃煤热电厂和某生物质环保热电厂的循环流化床锅炉脱硫效果（加石灰石前后二氧化硫的排放情况）进行了实测,结果表明：采用循环流化床添加石灰石炉内脱硫后的烟气排放完全满足中国相关排放标准的要求。通过加强对循环流化床锅炉运行的管理,可具有广阔的应用前景。     

基层监测站废气应急监测应注意的问题

县（市）级环境监测站开展废气应急监测工作,首先要建立本辖区内完整、详细的废气污染源及潜在风险源的台帐,同时要建立有针对性和操作性的应急监测预案。在应急监测装备的配备上要结合本辖区内的污染情况和自身财力状况均衡考量。在废气应急监测中还要弄清应急监测的目的,注意监测人员的自身防护,不能忽视跟踪监测和应急现场监测后的总结提高等工作。     

腐殖酸以及共存阳离子对膨润土吸附废水中铅离子的影响

研究了钠基膨润土的理化性质及其对水中铅离子的吸附作用,考查了pH值、共存阳离子浓度、腐殖酸浓度对铅离子吸附的影响,结果表明,钠基膨润土对水中铅离子有较好的吸附效果.铅离子在膨润土上的吸附量随pH值的升高而增加,随共存阳离子浓度的升高而减少,随腐殖酸浓度的升高而增加.从热力学角度探讨了吸附机理,发现钠基膨润土对铅离子的吸附量随温度升高而增大,并且吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型.计算了相关的吸附热力学函数:△H=0.9594kJ/mol, △S=16.611 3kJ/(mol·K).     

响应面方法优化光催化降解抗生素类污染物过程研究

近年来抗生素类污染物对环境的影响及其生态毒性日益引起广大研究者的关注。对TiO2光催化降解典型抗生素类污染物磺胺二甲嘧啶（SMT）进行了研究。采用中心组合设计方法（CCD）进行试验设计,使用响应面方法（RSM）对光催化过程中的影响因素（TiO2浓度、初始磺胺二甲嘧啶浓度、双氧水浓度）进行了探讨和分析,并对反应过程进行了优化。优化结果表明,最佳反应条件为：TiO2浓度1.74 g/L、初始磺胺二甲嘧啶浓度20.0 mg/L、双氧水浓度106.28 mg/L,在优化条件下的磺胺二甲嘧啶光催化实际去除率为83.6%。响应面方法能够优化光催化条件,预测光催化结果,有利于优化光反应器的设计,对于工程化光催化水处理技术的发展具有一定的参考价值。     

FPSO泡沫灭火系统的有效性研究

从泡沫灭火剂的选择、种类特性、取样送检要求、兼容性等几方面对FPSD泡沫灭火系统的有效性进行了研究,旨在从泡沫灭火系统的设计、采办、布局、安装、调试、操作及日常维护等整个生产周期出发,确保FPSO泡沫灭火系统的完整、可用和有效,以期为油田的安全开发提供参考。     

活性炭对水中Cr（Ⅵ）吸附行为的研究

采用批量吸附实验,研究了活性炭对水中Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附行为,探讨了溶液pH值、活性炭用量、吸附时间、吸附过程中加入酸对Cr（Ⅵ）吸附的影响和吸附前后pH值的变化以及活性炭的再生。结果表明,利用活性炭处理Cr（Ⅵ）,具有处理效果好、再生容易等特点。在pH为4．00的缓冲系统中,等温吸附线符合Langmuir型,并可以用Freundlich等温吸附方程对其吸附进行描述;在pH为3．52的非缓冲系统中,等温吸附线类型属于BDDT吸附等温线分类中的类型Ⅱ。     

Identification and characterization of the chromium（Ⅵ） responding protein from a newly isolated Ochrobactrum anthropi CTS-325

A Gram-negative, chromium(VI) tolerant and reductive strain CTS-325, isolated from a Chinese chromate plant, was identified as Ochrobactrum anthropi based on its biochemical properties and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. It was able to tolerate up to 10 mmol/L Cr(VI) and completely reduce 1 mmol/L Cr(VI) to Cr(III) within 48 h. When the strain CTS-325 was induced with Cr(VI), a protein increased significantly in the whole cell proteins. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis revealed that this protein was a superoxide dismutase (SOD) homology. The measured superoxide dismutase activity was 2694 U/mg after three steps of purification. The SOD catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anion (O₂^·−) into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. This protein is considered to be one of the most important anti-oxidative enzymes for O. anthropi as it allows the bacterium to survive high oxygen stress environments, such as the environment produced during the reduction process of Cr(VI).