优势硅藻和定鞭金藻不同生长阶段光合色素比值变化

基于高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术分析了8种定鞭金藻、2种硅藻在对数生长期的光合色素组成,比较了中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、路氏巴夫藻(Pavlova lutheri)和湛江叉鞭金藻(Dicrateria zhanjiangensis)在不同生长阶段主要光合色素组成和比值的变化。实验结果表明:8种定鞭金藻根据光合色素19’-已酰基氧化岩藻黄素的存在与否可分为两类,其中不含19’-已酰基氧化岩藻黄素的定鞭金藻与硅藻光合色素组成相似。通过对比不同生长阶段的样品发现稳定期硅藻(中肋骨条藻)中叶绿素c1+c2,岩藻黄素、硅甲藻黄素与总叶绿素a比值显著高于它们在定鞭金藻(路氏巴夫藻、湛江叉鞭金藻)中与叶绿素a的比值(P<0.05),并且随培养时间延长而增大,而路氏巴夫藻、湛江叉鞭金藻中叶绿素c1+c2,岩藻黄素、硅甲藻黄素与总叶绿素a比值则一直维持在较低水平。该结果可以作为基于CHEMTAX软件的化学分类法的依据,以提高定量分析硅藻和定鞭金藻的准确性。     

营养盐水平对念珠藻胞外有机物产生的影响

以我国湖泊典型固氮蓝藻发状念珠藻(Nostoc flagelliforme)为研究对象,考察了氮、磷营养盐对发状念珠藻生长特性及其胞外有机物产生的影响.采用藻细胞浓度计数法表征发状念珠藻生长特性;分别采用溶解性有机碳(DOC)、三维荧光光谱(EEM)和紫外-可见光谱法,从总量和主要物质方面分析了发状念珠藻胞外有机物的产生规律.结果表明,在不同氮、磷营养水平下,发状念珠藻的4个关键生长时期基本相同,氮是控制发状念珠藻生长的关键营养控制要素;氮营养元素浓度的增高,有利于发状念珠藻产生胞外有机物,其产生量逐渐增大,而磷营养元素浓度的增高对胞外有机物产生量贡献较小,氮营养盐是发状念珠藻产生胞外有机物的关键限制因子;通过EEM谱图分析,发状念珠藻胞外有机物主要以类氨基酸类物质和类富里酸物质为主.以磷为控制营养盐时,类富里酸是主要的胞外有机物之一,以氮为控制营养盐时,类富里酸产生量极低;作为主要的胞外有机物,蛋白质和碳水化合物的产生规律显著不同,其中蛋白质含量显著高于碳水化合物含量.     

Competition of bloom-forming marine phytoplankton at low nutrient concentrations

Competition of three bloom-forming marine phytoplankton (diatom Skeletonema costatum, and dinoflagellates Prorocentrum minimum and Alexandrium tamarense) was studied through a series of multispecies cultures with di erent nitrate (NaNO3) and phosphate (NaH2PO4) levels and excess silicate to interpret red tide algae succession. S. costatum outgrew the other two dinoflagellates in nitrate and phosphate replete cultures with 10 mol/L Na2SiO3. Under nitrate limited (8.82 mol/L NaNO3) conditions, the growth of S. costatum was also dominant when phosphate concentrations were from 3.6 to 108 mol/L. Cell density of the two dinoflagellates only increased slightly, to less than 400 and 600 cells/mL, respectively. Cell density of S. costatum decreased with time before day 12, and then increased to 4000 cells/mL (1.5 mg/L dry biomass) at NaNO3 concentrations between 88.2 and 882 mol/L with limited phosphate (0.36 mol/L NaH2PO4) levels. In addition, P. minimum grew well with a maximal cell density of 1690–2100 cells/mL (0.5–0.6 mg/L dry biomass). Although S. costatum initially grew fast, its cell density decreased quickly with time later in the growth phase and the two dinoflagellates were dominant under the nitrate-limited and high nitrate conditions with limited phosphate. These results indicated that the diatom was a poor competitor compared to the two dinoflagellates under limited phosphate; however, it grew well under limited nitrate when growth of the dinoflagellates was near detection limits.     

Efficacy of natural biocide on control of microbial induced corrosion in oil pipelines mediated by Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Desulfovibrio gigas

We compared the efficacy of a natural biocide with four chemical tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfonate, benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, and formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, to control microbial induced corrosion in oil pipelines. The efficacy of biocides were monitored against Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Desulfovibrio gigas in experimental pipes by measuring cell counts, H2S production, Fe(II) production, production of extracellular polymeric substances and structure of biofilm. The treatment with cow urine had minimum planktonic cell counts of 3 102 CFU/mL as well as biofilm cell counts of 9 101 CFU/mL as compared with tetrakishydroxyl methyl phosphonium sulfonate, benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde. Sulfide production was the lowest with cow urine (0.08 mmol/L), followed by tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfonate 0.72 mmol/L. On day 90 of treatment, Fe(II) production was also found to be the lowest with cow urine. The scanning electron microscopic studies indicated that the biofilm bacteria were killed by cow urine. These results demonstrate the cow urine mediated control of microbially induced corrosion, and this is indicative of its potential as a viable substitute of toxic biocides. To the best of our knowledge, this seems to be the first report which screens possible biocidal activity by cow urine as compared to the most common biocides which oil industry is currently using.     

两种抗生素对塔玛亚历山大藻生长和产毒的影响

论文以中国南海筛选的一株塔玛亚历山大藻Alexandrium tamarense C101为研究对象,研究了两种抗生素,氨苄青霉素(ampicillin,Amp)和新霉素(neomycin,Nm)对A.tamarense C101细胞生长、形态以及毒素含量的影响.结果表明:和空白对照组相比,经1 500μg/mL Nm...     

氧化沟处理煤矿低浓度生活污水运行控制技术探讨

本文给出了济三煤矿生活污水水量和水质情况,以及采用卡鲁塞尔氧化沟处理该低浓度生活污水的工艺流程和特点。详细描述了实际运行过程中培养和驯化适应低浓度生活污水优势菌种的几个步骤,以及防止和控制污泥膨胀和老化的方法。运行试验结果表明：采用污泥回流比150%、控制氧化沟未端溶解氧（DO）1.5 mg/L,能取得最佳的CODcr去除率和总氮（TN）去除率,分别为76.7%和79.8%。     

藻毒素复合污染对鱼体的免疫毒性研究

针对水体富营养化问题,通过单一暴露和联合暴露方式研究两种MCs四种暴露剂量（0．1,1,10,100μg／L）下对鱼体的免疫毒效应。结果发现,不同剂量MCLR和MCRR单一暴露都能使鲫鱼淋巴细胞发生死亡,呈现明显的剂量效应和时间效应关系。且MCLR对鱼体的毒性相对McRR要更显著;MCLR和McRR复合暴露对鱼体淋巴细胞的毒性效应表现为协同作用,且随着毒素浓度的增加,其毒性效应差异显著性也随之升高,故而鱼体的免疫系统造成重大的影响,因此应当加强控制藻毒素在水体中的复合污染。     

氧化沟工艺污水处理厂的调试运行

以安徽某县污水处理厂的改良氧化沟工艺调试为例,采用自然培菌和间歇培养相接合的方式进行调试,结果表明方法可行。在进水COD100mg/L时,MLSS在1500mg/L时,出水COD、NH4-N均可取得较好的处理效果。同时对调试过程中的各环节如人员培训、带负荷试车、污泥培养等进行了详细阐述,并确定了各工艺段的控制参数。     

活性炭纤维固定化菌对微囊藻毒素MC-LR的去除研究

研究了藻蓝蛋白提取过程中微囊藻毒素MC-LR的释放分布规律,并用活性炭纤维对一株微囊藻毒素降解菌株进行了固定化,考察了不同活性炭纤维预处理方法、活性炭纤维用量、pH值、温度以及MC-LR浓度对固定化藻毒素降解菌去除MC-LR的影响.结果表明,藻蓝蛋白提取过程中MC-LR主要分布在超滤滤液中,占MC-LR总含量的81.2%.固定化藻毒素降解菌去除MC-LR的效率明显高于非固定化藻毒素降解菌.藻毒素降解菌用(1+9)盐酸预处理后的活性炭纤维固定化,其去除效果最佳.MC-LR去除的最适条件为:活性炭纤维用量为10g/L,温度为35℃,pH值为8.0.固定化藻毒素降解菌对pH值,温度具有一定的耐受性,能够在pH5~pH9、10℃~35℃范围内有效地去除MC-LR.     

氧化沟工艺提标过程中总磷的技改分析

昆明第一污水处理厂氧化沟工艺至今已运行25 a,随着滇池水环境的恶化,昆明市于2010年将污水处理厂排放标准由原来的一级B标提升至一级A标,总磷的提标是整个提标过程中的重中之重。作者通过对除磷工艺的摸索,研究了除磷加药工艺优化运行的方式,确定了加药量的计算公式,为国内外其他水厂的提标技改,提供技术参考。