Vegetation patterns and nature reserve construction in an extremely-arid desert in Anxi,NW China's Gansu Province

Anxi County is located in the northwestern part of the Hexi Corridor in gansu Province and has the sole national level nature reserve of extremely-arid desert in China.Phytosociological methods (Braun-Blanquet,1964) are used to classify plant community types in this area.Eleven are disting uished,including six of deserts,four of oases and one transitional type between deserts and oases.Direct gradient analysis (DCA) is employed to correlate the distribution of plant communities to physiogeographic conditions.This study makes clear that water is the most important ecological factor for the distribution of plant species and communities in this area.The effects of water have been demonstrated in different ways.A vegetation gradient from lower altitude to higher altitude in the southern part of the reserve is driven by a precipitation gradient.The effects of the depth of ground water table contribute to the differentiation of vegetation from desert to oasis in the flat area.In a finer scale,the washed gullies have obviously higher species richness and also higher vegetation cover than the surround gobi surfaces,possibly caused by the effects of floods.The vegetation patterns demonstrate that the area of Anxi County is a complete landscape unit.The range of the current nature reserve is not large enough for the purpose of conserving the unique biodiversity in this area.     

山区农业自然资源结构与农业宏观设计——以湖北省部分山区为例

农业宏观设计,目的在于正确拟定一个地区农业发展的战略规划。它需要解决的问题主要有三:1)合理布局农业生产力;2)合理设计农业结构,改善农业生态系统的功能;3)确定商品生产发展的项目、地域和规模。这些问题的解决必须以农业自然环境与资源的结构研究为基础。     

运用经济与法律手段进行自然资源开发与环境保护

通过对我国自然资源开发与环境保护现状的阐述与反思,对如何利用经济与法律手段进行环境管理原理进行分析,提出利用经济与法律手段进行资源开发与环境保护的建议,试图为资源开发与环境保护寻找一条绿色通道.     

环境领域的正当防卫权初探

正当防卫权是我国刑事法学中的一个特殊概念,根据刑法第20条的规定,“为了使国家、公共利益、本人或者他人的人身、财产和其它权利免受正在进行的不法侵害,而采取的制止不法侵害的行为,对不法侵害人造成的损害的,属于正当防卫行为,不负刑事责任。”正当防卫权是法律赋予公民的权利,也是公民道义上的义务。但是在环境领域,公民是否拥有环境正当防卫权,或者说正当防卫权是否适用于环境领域,现有的法律法规都未有涉及,是否因此就可以否认公民的这一权利?作为一个基层环境执     

环境成本内在化及其意义

传统经济学认为,人类劳动是形成商品价值的必要条件,没有劳动参与的东西是没有价值的,价值是形成商品交换价值(价格)的基础。据此推论,自然资源如空气、水等,是天然形成的,没有凝结人类的劳动,因而是没有价值的;而象木材、煤炭等,人们必须花费劳动进行砍伐和开采,因此有价值,但这些原料类商品在交换过程中的价格(交换价值)只能包括其开发时所需要的生产成本和利润,不能包括木材、煤炭本身的价值。传统的经济理论放纵了人们浪费资源、破坏环境的行为,导致国际贸易中出现“资源无价、原料低价、产品高价”的不合理现象,使国际贸易在一定程度上成为人们破坏生态、污染环