水体系中EDTA-Fe(Ⅱ)/Ｋ２Ｓ２Ｏ８降解敌草隆的研究

对水体系中EDTA-Fe(Ⅱ)/K2S2O8降解敌草隆的方法进行了研究.在综合考虑经济性和降解率的前提下,提出了反应的最佳条件:K2S2O8初始浓度为2.0 mmol·L-1, Fe(Ⅱ)初始浓度为1.0 mmol·L-1, EDTA初始浓度为0.5 mmol·L-1,反应时间为300 min, pH=7.0,最终0.1 mmol·L-1,敌草隆降解率可达67.6%.同时,采用分子探针竞争实验鉴定了体系中产生的硫酸根自由基和羟基自由基,并采用LC/MS法鉴定了敌草隆的主要降解产物,从而探讨了敌草隆在EDTA-Fe(Ⅱ)/K2S2O8体系中可能的降解途径.     

pH值对氨氮电化学氧化产物与氧化途径的影响

研究了含氨氮废水在循环流动式电解槽中的电化学氧化.讨论了pH值对氨氮电化学氧化效果、产物及其途径的影响.结果表明,在弱碱性条件下.有利于电解过程中羟基自由基和游离氯的生成.氨氮的电化学氧化速率较大.在有氯离子存在的情况下,氨氮电化学氧化过程中有氯胺生成,氯胺的组成与体系的pH值有关.当pH>9时,一氯胺占优势;当pH=7时.一氯胺和二氯胺同时存在,并且近似相等;当pH<5时,主要是二氯胺;pH值>5时,可以避免三氯化氮的生成.在电流密度为20mA/cm2时.电解产生的羟基自由基<5×10-15mol/L,氨氮电化学氧化的2种途径中间接氧化起主要作用.     

Determination of atmospheric hydroxyl radical by HPLC coupled with electrochemical detection

The hydroxyl radical (·OH) plays a central role in the oxidation and removal of many atmospheric compounds. Measurement of atmospheric·OH is very difficult because of its high reactivity and low atmospheric abundance. In this article, a simple and highly sensitive method, high performance liquid chromatography coupled with coulometric detection (HPLC-CD), was developed to determine·OH indirectly by determining its reaction products with salicylic acid (SAL), 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA), and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHBA). Under the optimum conditions for its determination, 2,3-DHBA and 2,5-DHBA could be well separated and the detection limits for 2,3-DHBA were 3×10~(-10) mol/L and for 2,5-DHBA were 1.5×10~(-10) mol/L, which were lower than most previous reports. This method was also applied to measure atmospheric hydroxyl radical levels and demonstrated the feasibility in clean and polluted air.     

赤平极射投影法在岩质边坡稳定性分析中的应用

赤平极射投影法在岩质边坡稳定性研究中,可以根据边坡的结构面的空间组合关系,做出边坡稳定性状态的初步评价,并进行边坡稳定性的分析计算。本文在万州九龙W2危岩体稳定性分析中,应用赤平极射投影法计算稳定性系数,并通过极限平衡法的计算验证,表明该方法是岩质边坡稳定性研究中的一个重要而有效的方法。     

HPLC法分析苯酚超声/H2O2降解机理

利用超声/H2O2协同作用生成氧化能力极强的羟基自由基(.OH)降解苯酚。确定高效液相色谱分析的适宜条件为室温,检测波长277 nm,流动相配比55/45(V甲醇/水),流速为0.5 mL/min,测得各物质的回收率在95.2%100.3%之间,证明高效液相色谱法是测定苯酚及其中间产物的一种有效的分析方法。HPLC法分析苯酚的降解过程首先是由羟基自由基攻击苯环,生成对苯二酚、邻苯二酚,然后继续羟基化,生成顺丁烯二酸,进一步氧化,最终生成二氧化碳和水。     

分室脉冲引射袋式除尘器的清灰机理

分室脉冲引射除尘是一种新的除尘方式,它具有在线清灰、结构简单、运行可靠的优点.为了揭示分室脉冲引射袋式除尘器的清灰机理,首先运用可压缩气体绝热流动能量方程推导出喷口的流速和流量,继而根据自由射流理论推导出不同射流断面的平均动能计算公式,最终根据反吹风速与平均动能的关系,得到了反吹风速的计算方法.同时,根据实验模型的测定...     

Production and contribution of hydroxyl radicals between the DSA anode and water interface

Hydroxyl radicals play the key role during electrochemical oxidation and photoelectrochemical oxidation. The production and e ect of hydroxyl radicals on the interface between DSA anode and water was investigated by examining the quenching e ect of iso-propanol on Orange II decolorization. We observed that with an increase in electrode potential from 4 to 12 V across electrodes at pH 7.0, the contribution percentage of hydroxyl radicals increased dramatically. More OH radicals were produced in acidic and alkaline conditions than at neutral conditions. At electrode potential of 4 V, the contribution percentage of hydroxyl radicals was obviously higher at near neutral pH conditions, while removal e ciency of Orange II achieved was the lowest concurrently. Finally, for photocatalytic oxidation, electrochemical oxidation, and photoelectrochemical oxidation using the same DSA electrode, the e ect of hydroxyl radicals proved to be dominant in photocatalytic oxidation but the contribution of hydroxyl radicals was not dominant in electrochemical oxidation, which implies the necessity of UV irradiation for electrochemical oxidation during water treatment.     

Photocatalytic degradation kinetics and mechanism of pentachlorophenol based on superoxide radicals

Pentachlorophenol could be photocatalytically reduced with superoxide radicals in aqueous solution under simulated sunlight irradiation.     

γ辐照降解水中的盐酸环丙沙星的研究

本研究重点考察初始浓度、p H值、不同添加剂、复合污染物对盐酸环丙沙星γ辐照降解效果的影响.结果表明,γ辐照可以有效去除盐酸环丙沙星;低浓度和强酸性条件有利于盐酸环丙沙星的γ辐照降解;引入CO2-3、甲醇后,盐酸环丙沙星的降解受到抑制,可以推断盐酸环丙沙星降解主要基于·OH自由基的氧化和直接受到辐照激发降解.选择具有致癌性的污染物Br O-3与盐酸环丙沙星混合后辐照,两种污染物的去除率均得到提高,在吸收剂量为400 Gy时,盐酸环丙沙星与Br O-3的去除率分别提高18.74%与1.81%.100 mg·L-1盐酸环丙沙星经过6 000 Gyγ辐照降解后,TOC与COD的去除率分别为15.22%与61.44%.     

西安地区PM2.5中环境持久性自由基(EPFRs)性质及来源研究

环境持久性自由基(environmental persistent free radicals, EPFRs)是一种近年来备受关注的环境风险物质,可能会危害人体健康.本研究利用溶剂萃取方法从西安市大气PM_(2.5)样品中分离出物质,运用电子顺磁共振波谱(EPR)技术分析了不同大气污染状况下大气PM_(2.5)样品及类黑碳成分中EPFRs的种类和含量,并分别测定PM_(2.5)和类黑碳成分催化H_2O_2产生羟基自由基的能力.结果表明:PM_(2.5)中的EPFRs约有85%～90%是由类黑碳成分产生的.可见光照(400～700 nm)前后,PM_(2.5)样品中EPFRs的含量增加10%～20%.此外,实验结果亦表明PM_(2.5)中能催化H_2O_2产生羟基自由基的物质主要是PM_(2.5)中水溶性物质而不是类黑碳.大气PM_(2.5)中的EPFRs没有显著催化H_2O_2产生羟基自由基的能力,也不能将O_2分子转化为活性氧物质.