Enantioselective separation and zebrafish embryo toxicity of insecticide beta-cypermethrin

Enantioselectivity of chiral pollutants is receiving growing concern due to the difference in toxicology and environment fate between enantiomers.In this study,enantiomers of insecticide beta-cypermethrin (beta-CP) were separated on selected chiral column by HPLC,and the toxicity of enantiomers was evaluated using the zebrafish embryo-larval assays.The enantiomers of beta-CP were baseline separated on Chiralcel OD and Chiralpak AD columns and detected by circular dichroism (CD) at 236 nm.Better separation could be achieved at lower temperature (e.g.,20°C) and with lower levels of polar modifiers.Pure enantiomers were obtained on Chiralcel OD.The CD spectra of enantiomers were recorded.By comparing the elution order with a previous similar study,the absolute configuration of beta-CP enantiomers was determined.The individual enantiomers were used in zebrafish embryo test,and the results showed that beta-CP enantioselectively induced yolk sac edema,pericardial edema and crooked body.The 1R-cis-αS and 1R-trans-αS enantiomers showed strong developmental toxicities at concentration of 0.1 mg/L,while the 1S-cis-αR and 1S-trans-αR induced no malformations at higher concentration (e.g.,0.3 mg/L).The results suggest that the enantioselective toxicological effects of beta-CP should be considered when evaluating its ecotoxicological effects.     

气相色谱法分析环境空气中糠醛

采用活性炭采样管吸附环境空气中的糠醛,以CS2解析,用Rtx-WAX毛细管柱分离,氢火焰离子化检测器检测,气相色谱仪测定。方法最低检出质量浓度糠醛0.006mg/m3,加标回收率在90%以上,方法安全,简单灵敏,分离度好,检出限低。     

高效液相色谱法测定工业废水中邻苯二胺

通过实验建立了工业废水中邻苯二胺的高效液相色谱分析方法.采用Kromasii-C18(150mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱,流速1 mL/min,柱温30 ℃,进样体积10μL,流动相为V(甲醇):V(0.01 mol/L醋酸铵溶液)=35:65,测定波长290 nm.结果线性范围为:1-100 mg/L,平均加标回收率为101.2%,相对标准偏差为0.75%.     

气相色谱法测定地表水中的甲基汞

采用气相色谱法测定地表水中的甲基汞.样品前处理采用巯基棉大量吸附样品中的甲基汞,富集倍数大、操作程序简单快速.色谱条件优化如下:毛细管色谱柱DB-1701,柱温为160℃,进样口温度为220℃,ECD检测器温度为250℃,尾吹(N2)60mL/min,流速为1.0mL/min,分流比为10∶1.测定结果表明,甲基汞的峰形尖锐,响应灵敏度高;取5L水样时最低检出限为0.1 ng/L,加标样品测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)为6.6%,回收率为64.0%～78.4%.测定结果显示,该方法具有简便、快捷、准确、灵敏、重现性好等特点.     

饮用水源水中吡啶实用检测方法-直接进水样气相色谱法

建立了直接进水样气相色谱法洲定饮用水源水中吡啶的分析方法.选择氮磷检测器测定,吡啶质量浓度在0.1～5.0mg/L范围内有良好的线形关系,相关系数0.9999,检出限为0.03 mg/L.5个加标回收样品的相对标准偏差分别为4.91,4.10;回收率范围为81%～107%.实验证明其方法的准确性精密度良好、灵敏度高、干扰小,符合GB 3838-2002<地表水环境质量标准>的要求.与推荐方法相比具有操作简便快速、环保安全等优点.     

Determination of haloacetic acids in hospital e uent after chlorination by ion chromatography

The ion chromatography combined solid phase extraction （SPE） method was developed for the analysis of low concentration haloacetic acids （HAAs）, a class of disinfection by-products formed from chlorination of hospital wastewater. The monitored HAAs included monochloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, dibromoacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid. The method employed a sodium hydroxide eluent at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, electrolytically generated gradients, and suppressed conductivity detection. To analyze the HAAs in real hospital wastewater samples, C18 pretreatment cartridge was utilized to reduce samples＇ turbidity. Preconcentration with SPE and matrix elimination with treatment cartridges were investigated and found to be able to obtain acceptable detection limits. Linearity, repeatability and detection limits of the above method were evaluated. The detection limits of monobromoacetic acid and dibromoacetic acid were 2.61 μg/L and 1.30 μg/L, respectively, and the other three acids are ranging from 0.48 to 0.82μg/L under 25-fold preconcentration. When the above optimization procedure was applied to three hospital wastewater samples with different treatment processes in Tianjin, it was found that the dichloroacetic acid was the major compound, and the growth ratios of the HAAs after disinfection by sodium hypochlorite were 91.28%, 63.61% and 79.50%, respectively.     

气相色谱法测定氯雷他定原料的残留溶剂

用毛细管柱气相色谱法建立氯雷他定残留溶剂（甲苯、乙腈）的测定方法。结果表明：本测定法方法简单、结果准确、重现性好,可用于氯雷他定原料中甲苯、乙腈2种残留溶剂的同时测定。     

气相色谱法测定工作场所空气中的二甲基甲酰胺

针对毛细管柱恒温分析时色谱峰裂分和定量重复性差的问题,对色谱分析条件进行了改进,建立了不分流进样程序升温的二甲基甲酰胺气相色谱测定方法提高了柱效和样品分析的准确度,降低了检出限(检出限为0.3μg/mL)。     

DGT富集-乙基化GC-CVAFS测定天然水体中的甲基汞

利用薄膜扩散技术(DGT)原位富集天然水体中的甲基汞,溶剂洗脱后进入水相连行乙基化反应,与气相色谱(GC)联用,冷原子荧光光谱法(CVAFS)测定.实验结果显示,26"(3条件下在超纯水中放置24 h,典型DGT单元的最低检出限为0.014 ng/L;延长放置时闻或者减少扩散层厚度,可以得到更低的检测限.相对标准偏差＜...     

吹扫捕集-气相色谱法测定水中丙烯腈、丙烯醛

采用吹扫捕集-气相色谱测定水中丙烯腈、丙烯醛,优化试验条件。该方法具有较高的灵敏度、良好的线性、方法简便。丙烯腈检出限为0.002 mg/L;丙烯醛检出限为0.003 mg/L,标准样品测定的相对标准偏差为3.2%,实际样品的加标回收率为80.0%～110%。