高效液相色谱法测定PM_(2.5)中的多环芳烃

建立了以二极管阵列检测器和荧光检测器串联的高效液相色谱分析方法,确定荧光检测器最佳发射波长为390nm,在标样未完全分离的情况下,采用双激发波长有效地改善了色谱分离条件。在设定的色谱条件下,16种PAHs的检出限为0.11μg/L～39.83μg/L,平均回收率为76.7%～98.3%,相对标准偏差为3.6%～14.4%。在南昌市布设5个大气采样点,测定PM2.5中多环芳烃含量,结果表明,八一广场多环芳烃总量值(29.497ng/m)3、苯并(a)芘平均浓度值(3.122ng/m)3、苯并(a)芘等效致癌浓度值(5.254ng/m)3最高。     

深圳市郊区大气中PM2.5的特征分析

为了确定深圳市郊区大气中PM2.5的污染特征,本研究分析了2009年和2010年夏季和冬季PM2.5样品中的水溶性离子和多环芳烃成分.结果表明,深圳市郊区大气中PM2.5的质量浓度很高,夏季53.9%和冬季100%的样品超过了WHO的大气质量准则浓度.PM2.5中,冬季最主要的3种离子是SO24-、NO3-和NH4＋.在夏季,这3种离子在PM2.5中的含量都会减少,而Cl-、Na＋、K＋、Ca2＋和Mg2＋的含量会增多.另外,冬季是多环芳烃浓度较高的季节,其中萘、苊烯、苊和苯并荧蒽是冬季PM2.5中多环芳烃的主要成分.本研究还通过比值法和特征化合物法对深圳市郊区大气中的PM2.5进行了源解析,确定了PM2.5的可能来源.     

储运罐区气相连通设施HAZOP分析应用研究

介绍了石油化工企业储运罐区气相连通设施概况和存在的风险。以芳烃罐区气相连通为研究对象,应用HAZOP分析软件对装置进行安全评价,对潜在风险进行定性和半定量分析,并提出相应的风险控制方案。     

《环境科学与技术》总目次

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Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous solution by raw and modified plant residue materials as biosorbents

Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs）, e.g., naphthalene, acenaphthene, phenanthrene and pyrene, from aqueous solution by raw and modified plant residues was investigated to develop low cost biosorbents for organic pollutant abatement. Bamboo wood, pine wood, pine needles and pine bark were selected as plant residues, and acid hydrolysis was used as an easily modification method. The raw and modified biosorbents were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The sorption isotherms of PAHs to raw biosorbents were apparently linear, and were dominated by a partitioning process. In comparison, the isotherms of the hydrolyzed biosorbents displayed nonlinearity, which was controlled by partitioning and the specific interaction mechanism. The sorpfion kinetic curves of PAHs to the raw and modified plant residues fit well with the pseudo second-order kinetics model. The sorption rates were faster for the raw biosorbents than the corresponding hydrolyzed biosorbents, which was attributed to the latter having more condensed domains （i.e., exposed aromatic core）. By the consumption of the amorphous cellulose component under acid hydrolysis, the sorption capability of the hydrolyzed biosorbents was notably enhanced, i.e., 6-18 fold for phenanthrene, 6-8 fold for naphthalene and pyrene and 5-8 fold for acenaphthene. The sorpfion coefficients （Kd） were negatively correlated with the polarity index [（O＋N）/C], and positively correlated with the aromaticity of the biosorbents. For a given biosorbent, a positive linear correlation between logKoc and logKow for different PAHs was observed. Interestingly, the linear plots of logKoc-logKow were parallel for different biosorbents. These observations suggest that the raw and modified plant residues have great potential as biosorbents to remove PAHs from wastewater.     

GC/MS法测定润滑油基础油中多环芳烃

对润滑油基础油中多环芳烃的气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)测定方法进行了研究,探讨了样品的提取,固相萃取柱净化等前处理方法,同时也对仪器测定条件进行了优化.结果表明,在检测润滑油基础油中多环芳烃时,经优化的GC/MS法的加标回收率和精密度均达到较满意的水平.     

纳米氧化铁与氧化剂对多环芳烃污染农田土壤修复和蔬菜健康风险的影响

采用纳米氧化铁和氧化剂(过硫酸钠 、H2O2)联合技术修复多环芳烃(PAHs)污染农田土壤,分析纳米氧化铁与氧化剂联合修复对小白菜(Brassica chinensis L.)生长、PAHs富集的影响,并进行健康风险评估.结果表明:(1)纳米氧化铁(2.0 g/kg)和H2O2(2 g/kg)联合修复对土壤、小白菜中P...     

人工湿地处理系统中多环芳烃的行为

采用Oasis HLB柱固相萃取的前处理技术,以气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC/MS)的分析方法,对我国北方永定河上游黑土洼人工湿地中多环芳烃污染的特征以及分布规律进行了研究.结果表明,该湿地系统以低环数多环芳烃污染为主,其中浓度最高的是菲和蒽,未检出高环数(5环、6环)多环芳烃.通过比较进水和出水的浓度,湿地系统总体上不能有效去除进水中的多环芳烃.但是比较不同工艺单元进出水浓度,复氧、植物根系及微生物等均影响到多环芳烃的去除效果,去除率在28%～65%之间.     

燃煤电厂多环芳烃的生成与控制

多环芳烃（PAHs)对人体健康的危害极大。本文综述了燃煤电厂煤燃烧过程中多环芳烃的生成机理（直接释放，热解合成和高温缩合机理）和影响因素（煤种，温度，锅炉负荷，过剩空气系数，停留时间，钙硫比和一次风/二次风比）。在此基础上介绍了煤燃烧过程中多环芳烃的各种控制技术和方法。