节能减排呼唤道德自律

节能减排有广义和狭义之分,广义而言,节能减排是指节约物质资源和能量资源,减少废弃物和环境有害物（包括三废和噪声等）排放;狭义而言,节能减排是指节约能源和减少环境有害物排放。2011年是＂十二五＂开启之年,节能减排的指标已经下达,“十二五”的节能减排指标较“十一五”相比看似有所下降,其实完成难度更大。     

Photocatalytic activity of Fe-doped CaTiO3 under UV-visible light

The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue（MB） over Fe-doped CaTiO3 under UV-visible light was investigated. The as-prepared samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscope（SEM） equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer（EDS） system, Fourier transform infrared spectra（FT-IR）, and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy（DRS）. The results show that the doping with Fe significantly promoted the light absorption ability of CaTiO3 in the visible light region. The Fe-doped CaTiO3 exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than CaTiO3 for the degradation of MB.However, the photocatalytic activity of the Fe-doped CaTiO3 was greatly influenced by the calcination temperature during the preparation process. The Fe-doped CaTiO3 prepared at500°C exhibited the best photocatalytic activity, with degradation of almost 100% MB（10 ppm）under UV-visible light for 180 min.     

科技期刊常用量的符号、名称及释义

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沈阳市某工业园区挥发性有机物活性及来源解析

利用沈阳市某工业园区大气监测数据,依据等效丙烯浓度(PEC)和臭氧生成潜势(OFP)法识别园区挥发性有机物(VOCs)活性物种,基于主成分分析(PCA)法和正定矩阵因子分析(PMF)模型进行VOCs来源解析.结果表明:芳香烃、烯烃和C5烷烃为园区活性较强的组分;PCA法和PMF模型的VOCs来源解析结果基本一致,园区V...     

从"有"到"优"的应急预案——中国石油天然气股份有限公司管道分公司预案优化

长输油气管道用于输送易燃易爆物质,一般埋在地下,具有点多、线长、面广的特点,地形复杂、环境多变,容易受到管体腐蚀、自然灾害以及第三方等外部环境影响,一旦发生事故危害性极大。     

一种新型缓释微粒的抑藻机制研究

以化感物质为活性成分,通过微胶囊技术制备抑藻剂,已经成为一种具有潜力的生态友好型的蓝藻治理手段。本实验研究亚油酸缓释微粒对于不同生长阶段铜绿微囊藻的抑制作用,并探究其抑藻机理。研究结果表明,缓释抑藻剂对于不同生长阶段的铜绿微囊藻均有较好的抑制效果,其中对数期的铜绿微囊藻抑制率高达96%。抑藻组藻细胞内叶绿素a含量在实验中期几近于0,藻体中氧自由基(O 2-)和丙二醛(MDA)含量及藻液中蛋白质、核酸含量、电导率逐渐升高,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均呈现先升高后急剧下降的变化趋势。结果表明在抑藻过程中亚油酸缓释抑藻剂破坏了藻细胞内的叶绿素a,细胞膜脂质过氧化加剧,抗氧化酶失活,从而对藻细胞膜造成不可逆转的损伤,影响藻细胞的正常生长。     

杨木生物炭对水溶液中3种磺胺类抗生素的混合吸附

利用杨树木屑在限氧条件下,制备出3种不同热解温度下的生物炭,以探究其对水溶液混合磺胺类药物(SAs)的吸附机制.结果表明:350℃烧制的生物炭(BC350)孔径以大孔为主,而500℃(BC500)与650℃(BC650)以介孔为主;生物炭表面芳香性随着热解温度提高而增强.伪二级模型较适合描述生物炭吸附SAs的动力学过程...     

活性碳纤维在环境保护中的应用

由于活性碳纤维的吸附面积大,可以作为固相微萃取的纤维用于对环境污染物质的分析检测,包括含硫和含氯的一些有机化合物.同时,活性碳纤维具有良好的导电性能,可以作为电极,能有效地去除环境中城市污水、燃料废水和腐植酸的污染.     

新型树脂对氯酚类物质的吸附研究

合成了乙酰氯修饰树脂NDA-O,与Purolite公司的MN-200相比,合成的树脂比表面积较小,但酸性官能团较多.用两种树脂吸附2-氯酚、4-氯酚和2,4-二氯酚发现,吸附结果可以用Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附方程很好地模拟,合成的NDA-O对3种氯酚类物质的吸附能力优于MN-200.两种树脂对氯酚类物质的吸附量随着温度的升高而减少,表明吸附是放热过程,同时对氯酚类物质的吸附焓变随着吸附量的增大而减小.对同一种树脂来说,吸附量随着氯代程度的增加而增加,取代氯数相同的时候,吸附量与吸附质的K..成正相关.进一步研究了pH对吸附的影响,在pH大于9时,3种氯酚类物质的吸附量均急剧减少.     

Organic matter and concentrated nitrogen removal by shortcut nitrification and denitrification from mature municipal landfill leachate

An UASB＋Anoxic/Oxic （A/O） system was introduced to treat a mature landfill leachate with low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and high ammonia concentration. To make the best use of the biodegradable COD in the leaehate, the denitrifieation of NOx^--N in the reeireulation effluent from the elarifier was carried out in the UASB. The results showed that most biodegradable organic matters were removed by the denitrifieation in the UASB. The NH4^＋-N loading rate （ALR） of A/O reactor and operational temperature was 0.28- 0.60 kg NH4^＋-N/（m^3-d） and 17-29℃ during experimental period, respectively. The short-cut nitrification with nitrite accumulation efficiency of 90%-99% was stabilized during the whole experiment. The NH4^＋-N removal efficiency varied between 90% and 100%. When ALR was less than 0.45 kg NH4^＋-N/（m^3.d）, the NH4^＋-N removal efficiency was more than 98%. With the influent NH4^＋-N of 1200-1800 mg/L, the effluent NH4^＋-N was less than 15 mg/L. The shortcut nitrification and denitrifieation can save 40% carbon source, with a highly efficient denitrifieation taking place in the UASB. When the ratio of the feed COD to feed NH4^＋-N was only 2-3, the total inorganic nitrogen （TIN） removal efficiency attained 67%-80%. Besides, the sludge samples from A/O reactor were analyzed using FISH. The FISH analysis revealed that ammonia oxidation bacteria （AOB） accounted for 4% of the total eubaeterial population, whereas nitrite oxidation bacteria （NOB） accounted only for 0.2% of the total eubaeterial population.