Potential particulate pollution derived from UV-induced degradation of odorous dimethyl sulfide

UV-induced degradation of odorous dimethyl sulfide (DMS) was carried out in a static White cell chamber with UV irradiation. The combination of in situ Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), wide-range particle spectrometer (WPS) technique, filter sampling and ion chromatographic (IC) analysis was used to monitor the gaseous and potential particulate products. During 240 min of UV irradiation, the degradation e ciency of DMS attained 20.9%, and partially oxidized sulfur-containing gaseous products, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbonyl sulfide (OCS), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl sulfone (DMSO2) and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) were identified by in situ FT-IR and GC-MS analysis, respectively. Accompanying with the oxidation of DMS, suspended particles were directly detected to be formed by WPS techniques. These particles were measured mainly in the size range of accumulation mode, and increased their count median diameter throughout the whole removal process. IC analysis of the filter samples revealed that methanesulfonic acid (MSA), sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and other unidentified chemicals accounted for the major non-refractory compositions of these particles. Based on products analysis and possible intermediates formed, the degradation pathways of DMS were proposed as the combination of the O(1D)- and the OH- initiated oxidation mechanisms. A plausible formation mechanism of the suspended particles was also analyzed. It is concluded that UV-induced degradation of odorous DMS is potentially a source of particulate pollutants in the atmosphere.     

低频超声辅助电催化降解水中抗菌药氟康唑

采用低频超声(20kHz,78W)辅助电催化氧化(Ti/SnO₂-Sb/La-PbO₂阳极)去除水中氟康唑,并考察其降解机制.低频超声不能有效降解氟康唑,但低频超声辅助提高阳极表面·OH产率(81.95倍)、污染物的传质效率和电极微界面电子传递能力,进而使氟康唑电催化降解准一级动力学常数由0.134min^-1提升至0.180min^-1、矿化动力学常数提升29.03%.当超声功率从26W提高至130W时,氟康唑的降解动力学常数提高42.68%;电流密度从2mA/cm²升至20mA/cm²,氟康唑的降解动力学常数提升24.00倍.氟康唑的主要降解机理为·OH间接氧化(贡献率:82.45%～85.71%),主要降解路径为脱氟、断键、环化和氧化,最终生成甲酸、草酸、NO₃^-和F^-等小分子产物.     

电子束辐照处理废水研究及进展

电子束辐照是一项全新的废水处理技术,是环境工程与核技术应用交叉结合的产物,具有高效（处理时间短）、低碳（不使用药剂）、清洁（不产生二次污染）等独特优势,为难降解工业废水处理提供了新技术.本文总结了作者在电子束辐照处理废水方面的研发历程、主要研究工作及进展.研究了电子束辐照难降解工业废水中特征污染物的特性及作用机理;研制了电子束辐照连续处理废水的辐照反应器,能够快速形成超薄水膜,并揭示了水膜的水流特性及电子束吸收剂量分布规律;针对环境突发事件应急处理要求,发明了车载移动式电子束处理废水一体化装置;针对水处理对加速器的特殊要求,如高束流、环境潮湿、腐蚀等,研制出了废水处理专用电子加速器及成套装备,在国内首次实现了工程应用.目前已建成了10多个电子束辐照废水处理工程,涉及到印染废水、化工废水、制药废水、医疗废水、酿造废水以及垃圾渗滤液、抗生素菌渣等处理.电子束辐照处理废水,不仅为废水处理提供了新的技术手段,也拓展了核技术应用领域.利用辐照技术治理环境污染,正在形成新的环保产业,应用前景广阔.     

苯酚微生物降解的正交实验研究

利用以苯酚为碳源的驯化液,对某焦化厂曝气池活性污泥进行驯化,经过分离、筛选,挑选出4株高效的苯酚降解菌,编号为h32a2、b31B、h31A和b41a,并通过菌落形态特征、简单染色及生理生化反应初步鉴定为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.),依据正交实验确定了优势菌群降解苯酚的最佳条件为温度32℃,pH值7.5,菌培养时间16 h,接种量1%。     

Photocatalytic activity of Fe-doped CaTiO3 under UV-visible light

The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue（MB） over Fe-doped CaTiO3 under UV-visible light was investigated. The as-prepared samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscope（SEM） equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer（EDS） system, Fourier transform infrared spectra（FT-IR）, and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy（DRS）. The results show that the doping with Fe significantly promoted the light absorption ability of CaTiO3 in the visible light region. The Fe-doped CaTiO3 exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than CaTiO3 for the degradation of MB.However, the photocatalytic activity of the Fe-doped CaTiO3 was greatly influenced by the calcination temperature during the preparation process. The Fe-doped CaTiO3 prepared at500°C exhibited the best photocatalytic activity, with degradation of almost 100% MB（10 ppm）under UV-visible light for 180 min.     

氧化还原介体厌氧催化酸性红B生物脱色研究

研究了筛选出的四种结构相似的醌类氧化还原介体对酸性红B厌氧脱色的促进作用,并以催化效果最佳的蒽醌-2-磺酸钠为醌介体模型,探讨了醌介体催化酸性红B厌氧生物降解路径。在35℃中温厌氧条件下,采用间歇批量实验法,测定不同体系中醌介体催化酸性红B脱色效果。结果表明:①在酸性红B浓度为150mg·L-1,醌介体浓度为0.16mmol/L,反应时间为4h时,结构相似的四种醌介体均可促进酸性红B脱色,反应效率提高了1.6².4倍,其大小顺序为AQS>2,7-AQDS>AQDS>α-AQS;②AQS在催化酸性红B降解过程中与传统厌氧微生物降解路径保持一致。     

厌氧共代谢分解难降解有机物的研究进展

文章介绍了厌氧共代谢的提出、作用机制、调控研究及应用现状,从共代谢技术的基质类型、菌群结构和代谢途径三方面综述了国内外有关厌氧共代谢作用机制的研究现状、发展趋势,并着重分析了厌氧共代谢的调控技术和应用情况,展望了厌氧共代谢技术的未来研究方向,为解决难降解有机污染物的治理瓶颈提供借鉴和参考。     

微生物降解石油烃的代谢机制及研究进展

石油烃类污染物是复杂的有机化合物,对生态环境和公众健康具有较大危害。目前微生物技术已成为修复石油烃污染环境的主要方法,微生物可利用目标污染物作为碳源,通过一系列的酶催化对其进行代谢降解。研究了微生物降解石油烃的代谢机制,可通过合理设计降解途径中关键步骤的酶,降低限制因素对石油烃微生物降解的影响,提高限速步骤的反应速度,从而提高对石油烃的降解率,以更好地应用于石油烃污染场地的修复。通过梳理总结石油烃的主要组成和结构、代谢途径、功能基因和关键酶种类,以及组学和合成生物学技术在石油烃降解代谢机制研究中的应用现状,为进一步优化提升微生物修复技术在石油烃污染领域的应用前景提供参考。     

完全混合串联组合式曝气池有机物降解模式的探讨

由多个完全混合式表曝池串联运行而形成的组合式曝气池在中南地区得到了较为广泛的应用，本文从单池有机物降解模式着手，推导得到了组合式曝气池的有机物降解模式，以定量描述有机物在其中的变化过程。     

微生物降解含油废水

研究了不同来源的活性污泥和培养的菌液降解耗氧速率，基于微生物耗氧速率评估对十二烷，苯，正庚烷及环已烷的生物降解的可能性。实验结果表明，监测耗氧速率是评估生物降解含油废水中有机污染物的可行方法之一。