HVAC系统二次污染建筑室内环境的途径和治理措施

本文论述了HVAC系统制造二次污染的机理及二次污染对室内空气品质的危害;在此基础上,提出了避免HVAC系统二次污染的措施.     

自然通风对学生宿舍室内苯污染影响的数值模拟

为降低健康风险,采用计算流体力学数值模拟方法,研究了4种不同通风工况对学生宿舍室内苯污染的影响,讨论了室内苯浓度、气流速度矢量与空气龄分布。结果表明：自然通风对于室内苯污染的去除效果明显,进出风口的位置与大小会影响室内气流分布,良好的气流组织更有利于室内污染物的及时排出;出风口对于室内污染物的排出影响较大,增大出风口的面积有利于苯的排出,能更加有效地降低室内苯污染;进风口对室内空气龄影响明显,增大进风口面积能有效提高室内空气的新鲜程度,有利于室内苯污染的稀释,提高学生宿舍室内空气品质。     

基于情绪评价的城市公共空间认知度与品质测度北大核心

通过“情绪评价法+问卷法”构建认知度与品质评价模型,以大连市为例,对公园、广场、街道3种类型公共空间进行实测。结果发现:①大连各类公共空间认知度差异明显,其中,广场认知度最高,街道、公园认知度较低;实体空间的交通可达性、开放度和视觉可识别性,空间功能的社交力和时代性,虚拟空间的宣传度和传播度等均会对城市公共空间认知度产生影响。②街道空间品质差异性明显,存在复杂特征,呈现出“非常积极”“中性”“一般消极”“非常消极”4种情绪类型;公园以“一般积极”情绪为主,广场空间品质差异性最小;街道类型公共空间应是品质提升的重点和难点。③大连市城市公共空间认知度和品质具有高度相关性,但各类型公共空间认知度与品质之间的相关性存在明显差异。认知度与品质通过空间意向相互关联相互影响,认知度具有“空间实体可达性”和“空间意向可达性”的双重属性,并受多种因素影响。     

Response of the grain yield and quality of hybrid rice to weak light stress北大核心CSCD

In this study, three rice varieties, Byou268 (low light-sensitive type), Nei5you768 (intermediate type), and Yixiangyou1108 (low light-tolerant), were used as experimental materials to investigate the yield and quality responses of different rice varieties to low light stress under normal light (CK) and low light (SH). The results showed the following: (1) Compared with normal light, the decrease in Yixiangyou1108’s 1 000-grain weight, grain number per spike, and seed setting rate under low light treatment were much lower than those of Nei5you768 and Byou268. The yield decline of Yixiangyou1108 (46.5%) was significantly lower than that of Nei5you768 (56.5%) and Byou268 (69.8%). Yixiangyou1108 showed strong tolerance to low light stress in terms of 1 000-grain weight, seed setting rate, grain number per panicle, and yield. (2) Compared with normal light, the reduction in grain length and width of Yixiangyou1108 under low-light treatment was significantly greater than that of Byou268; however, the reduction in the length-width ratio did not reach a significant level. The amylose content and gel consistency of the rice were significantly reduced. The reduction in amylose content of Yixiangyou1108 (24.5%) was significantly lower than that of Nei5you768 (28.1%) and Byou268 (30.6%); however, the decrease in gel consistency of Yixiangyou1108 (14.7%) was significantly higher than that of Nei5you768 (9.8%) and Byou268 (8.1%). After low light treatment, the characteristic values of the RVA curve of rice changed. The peak viscosity and breakdown viscosity of Yixiangyou1108, Nei5you768, and Byou268 were significantly decreased, but the cold glue viscosity and setback viscosity were significantly increased, while there was no significant difference in the peak time and peak temperature. The response of 1 000-grain weight, grain number per spike, and seed setting rate under low light stress can be used as a yield index of rice breeding with low light tolerance; rice grain type, amylose, and gel consistency; and peak viscosity and hot paset viscosity in RVA characteristic values can be used as quality indexes of low-light-tolerant rice material breeding. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

近年全国地表水水质变化特征

采用2012~2020年国家地表水环境质量监测网839个可比断面（点位）数据分析了9年间地表水环境质量变化特征.结果表明,全国地表水环境质量持续改善,Ⅰ~Ⅲ类水质断面比例稳步上升,劣Ⅴ类比例持续下降;主要污染指标氨氮、总磷和高锰酸盐指数的年均值均呈逐年下降趋势,2020年比2012年分别下降75.9%、48.2%和17.5%.广西、海南和宁夏Ⅰ~Ⅲ类水质断面比例保持100%,湖北和江西呈逐年下降趋势,其余省份均呈逐年上升趋势;广西、海南、宁夏、湖南和福建劣Ⅴ类水质断面比例保持为0,其余省份均呈逐年下降趋势;广西、江西的总磷和湖北、海南、辽宁的高锰酸盐指数呈逐年上升趋势,其余省份主要污染指标年均值均呈不同程度下降.十大流域主要江河Ⅰ~Ⅲ类水质断面比例均呈波动上升趋势;劣Ⅴ类比例除浙闽片河流一直为0以外,其余流域均呈波动下降趋势;主要污染指标年均值均呈不同程度下降.2020年,32个重要湖泊中53%处于富营养状态,与2012年相比增加了12个百分点.总体来看,9年间全国地表水水质普遍好转,尤其是"十三五"以来,水污染防治工作取得显著成效,但各省、各流域之间具有差异性,水资源分布不均,水质改善存在不平衡性和不协调性,湖库富营养化趋势不容乐观.未来应统筹水资源、水环境和水生态,在地表水的精准治污和生态修复上着重发力.     

短期镉和铬对牵牛花根际土壤线虫群落的影响

土壤线虫处于土壤食物网中心位置,常被用来评价重金属污染.在土壤中添加不同浓度的镉和铬,用牵牛花作为修复植物,用线虫群落来评价修复后的土壤环境.结果显示,经过90 d修复后,重金属被吸收了小部分,超过80％的重金属留在土壤中给土壤生态带来毒副作用.镉(Cd)和铬(Cr)都降低了土壤pH值、土壤线虫的数量和多样性.镉的添加...     

这个夏天,你得水果病了吗?

现在种类繁多的新鲜水果让人目不暇接。吃水果,在品尝美味的同时,还可以补充人体必需的维生素和其它营养要素。然而,吃多了,也会引发一些疾病,这就是医学上所说的"水果病"。梨子:含有丰富的维生素、糖类以及钾、钙等元素,易被人体吸     

大连市洗主粉无磷化推广，生产，使用的调查与分析

通过系统的社会调查，污染源统计分析，提出大连市含磷洗 衣粉对近岸海域富营养化的贡献率。对洗衣粉的无磷化推广、生产及使用提出科学的论证，阐述了洗衣粉无磷化的实施前景。