水网藻对铜绿微囊藻的化感作用及对氮磷去除能力研究

通过测定藻液D680和叶绿素a浓度,研究了水网藻种植水对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响,探讨了在分离培养和共生培养2种条件下水网藻对铜绿微囊藻的抑制作用,并考察了水网藻对氮磷的去除能力.结果表明,水网藻对铜绿微囊藻有较强的抑制作用,在水网藻种植水作用8 d后,铜绿微囊藻死亡率达92%;不同浓度的水网藻对铜绿微囊藻的抑制作用不同,...     

2株芽孢杆菌利用不同碳源生产絮凝剂的研究

探讨了在纯培养和混合培养的条件下,2株芽孢杆菌F2和F6生产高效絮凝剂过程中对碳源的利用情况.研究表明,多种分子量在200以下的有机物能够作为碳源用于高效絮凝剂的生产,包括:单糖、双糖、醇、有机酸和酯类等,具有一定的普适性.发现利用废糖蜜、生物制氢废液和纤维素糖化液等廉价的生物质废料能够生产出性能良好的生物絮凝剂.     

Arsenic uptake and transport of Pteris vittata L. as influenced by phosphate and inorganic arsenic species under sand cu｜ture

In order to understand the similarity or difference of inorganic As species uptake and transport related to phosphorus in As-hyperaccumulator, uptake and transport of arsenate (As(Ⅴ)) and arsenite (As(Ⅲ)) were studied using Pteris vittata L. under sand culture. Higher concentrations of phosphate were found to inhibit accumulation of arsenate and arsenite in the fronds of P. vittata. The reduction in As accumulation was greater in old fronds than in young fronds, and relatively weak in root and rhizome. Moderate increases, from 0.05 to 0.3 mmol/L, in phosphate reduced uptake of As(Ⅲ) more than As(Ⅴ), while the reverse was observed at high concentrations of phosphate (≥ 1.0 mmol/L). Phosphate apparently reduced As transport and the proportion of As accumulated in fronds of P. vittata when As was supplied as As(Ⅴ). It may in part be due to competition between phosphorus and As(Ⅴ) during transport. In contrast, phosphate had a much smaller effect on As transport when the As was supplied as As(Ⅲ). Therefore, the results from present experiments indicates that a higher concentration of phosphate suppressed As accumulation and transport in P. vittata, especially in the fronds, when exposure to As(Ⅴ); but the suppression of phosphate to As transport in the root or rhizome may be insignificant when P. vittata when exposure to As(Ⅲ) under sand culture conditions. The finding will help to understand the interaction of P and As during their uptake process in P. vittata.     

IC反应器颗粒污泥的成功培养研究

在IC反应器的启动过程中,初始容积负荷控制在9.5kgCOD·(m3·d)-1左右,出水pH值6.5～7.8,维持反应器的碱度1000mgCaCO3/L～5000mgCaCO3/L,进水COD浓度1000～6000mg/L,以及采用脉冲进水方式,可增强污泥的活性和沉降性能加快厌氧污泥的颗粒化进程,从而加快IC反应器的启动.     

大豆油乙氧基化合物的生物降解

采用振荡培养实验和活性污泥模拟实验对大豆油乙氧基化合物（SOE）进行了生物降解研究。实验结果表明,振荡培养实验中SOE的初级生物降解度随平均环氧乙烷加成数的增多而略有下降,且SOE-4,SOE-10,SOE-20的初级生物降解度在第6天时分别为97．3％,91．1％,89．4％;活性污泥模拟实验中SOE的初级生物降解度随平均环氧乙烷加成数的增多而增加,且SOE-4,SOE-10,SOE-20的初级生物降解度在第8天时分别为29．0％,81．2％,100．0％。用激光粒度仪测量SOE水合物在不同静置时间时的粒径分布及分散度结果表明,随静置时间的延长,平均环氧乙烷加成数少的SOE水合物粒径逐渐增大,且分散性或水溶性变差,易产生团聚导致初级生物降解度降低。对水溶性或分散性较差的表面活性剂,建议以振荡培养实验研究其生物降解性较为恰当。     

我国资源与环境专业学位研究生培养模式的优化建设

"绿水青山"和"生态经济"的提出,使得国家对资源与环境领域高层次人才的需求日益旺盛,培养具有科研创新能力和工程实践能力的资源与环境专业学位研究生,成为各大相关专业院校的重要研究课题.通过调研我国10所高校资源与环境专业学位研究生的培养模式,结合专业特色,分析了我国资源与环境专业学位研究生教育的培养现状、优势和存在的问题...     

硫酸盐还原菌包埋固定化及微生物群落分析

为实现硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)批量富集培养与包埋技术的工业化应用,采用纤维丝挂膜方式进行SRB的批量富集培养,以高通量测序方法分析SRB培养前后微生物种群变化,并采用生物包埋技术对富集后的厌氧污泥进行包埋;研究了SRB纤维丝填料、包埋填料活性恢复过程及对高浓度硫酸盐的去除情况;探讨了饥饿环境对于该包埋填料的影响。结果表明：采用间歇运行的小空间厌氧移动床进行SRB的培养,历时50 d,硫酸盐去除率最终稳定在80%以上;富集后的硫酸盐还原功能菌Desulfomicrobium比例由36.06%上升至58.68%,还原速率由49.32 mg·(L·h)⁻¹上升至338.7 mg·(L·h)⁻¹;采用聚乙烯醇(PVA)制作了SRB生物活性包埋填料,在包埋填料填充率为20%情况下,包埋填料对硫酸盐的去除效率最高可达91.96%;经15 d的饥饿环境后,对SRB包埋填料进行短期恢复,即可实现重复利用。该包埋填料具有良好的硫酸盐还原性能和恢复性能,为其工业化应用提供技术参考。     

原油高效降解真菌的筛选、鉴定及降解酶活性

原油开采、加工和运输过程中会造成环境污染.为获得原油高效降解真菌,以采集自内蒙古、广西和北京的56株真菌为材料,开展高效降解菌筛选、鉴定及降解酶研究.通过原油耐受性初筛和愈创木酚、α-萘酚、苯胺蓝平板复筛,获得目标菌株JY-11.结合形态与分子鉴定,确定该菌株为硬毛香菇(Lentinus strigosus),其菌丝体...     

一种分离培养硫酸盐还原菌的改进方法

On the base of the characteristics of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) growth and dish cultivated method, a new method for isolation and cultivation of SRB is established. It is dilution spread and repeat dish sandwish cultivated method with the exellence of dilution spread and embeded growth, and it can help separation and identification of SRB. The method has simple operation and less equipment. And using this method, the natural SRB drop was successfully gained, and small agar pieces containing SRB drop were acquired in easiness. The brief SRB transfering operation in strict anaerobic condition was in-deed realized. Fig 1, Ref 7.     

苏云金芽孢杆菌生物杀虫剂发酵生产的影响因素及其工艺选择

化学杀虫剂的长期使用给生态环境造成了严重破坏,也使害虫种群的抗药性日益提高,生物杀虫剂以其＂绿色环保＂的特点引起人们的广泛关注。其中,苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bacillus thuringiensis）制剂是目前世界上产量最大、应用最广的生物杀虫剂。它对鳞翅目、双翅目、鞘翅目、螨类等许多有害昆虫有毒杀作用,而对人类、动物和农作物无害。长期以来,人们一直致力于苏云金芽孢杆菌发酵过程的研究,以期获得高毒效的生物杀虫剂产品。本文首先对苏云金芽孢杆菌发酵生产的各种影响因素进行了综合分析,将影响因素分为培养条件和培养基组分两类,得出最佳培养条件为温度：（30±1）℃,pH：7.0±0.1,搅拌速度：400～600r·min-1,通气量：1∶0.6～1.2（发酵培养基体积与每分钟通入空气的体积之比）,接种时间：对数期初;最佳培养基配比为碳氮比：8～10∶1,无机盐含量：KH2PO4或K2HPO4为0.075%～0.2%;MgSO4·7H2O为0.075%～0.3%;CaCO3为0.075%～0.15%;MnSO4·H2O、FeSO4·7H2O各为0.002%。其次,对当前研究与工业化生产中的各种发酵工艺进行了评述,总结了现有发酵工艺的优缺点。在现有研究基础上,降低培养基原料成本、改进发酵工艺和采用基因学手段构建高效工程菌株将成为未来研究热点。